Question 1

Use the list of terms to identify each labelled part of the illustration of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  
-reverse transcriptase

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

RNA interference (RNAi) defends primarily against viruses with single-stranded DNA genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Use the list of terms to identify each labelled part of the illustration of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  
-membrane coat

Accepted Answer

E

Question 4

The term immunity comes from the Latin immunis. What does immunis mean?

Accepted Answer

A) attack 
B) protect 
C) cow 
D) exempt 
A) attack 
B) protect 
C) cow 
D) exempt

Question 5

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once.
-crosses the placenta

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM

Question 6

Match each cell with its description.
-neutrophil

Accepted Answer

A) functions primarily to stimulate an adaptive immune response, but part of the innate immune system 
B) functions in the defence against parasitic worms 
C) differentiates into helper T cell 
D) differentiates into macrophage 
E) differentiates into cytotoxic T cell
F)induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells
G)produces antibodies
H)used to produce monoclonal antibodies
I)kills bacteria and then usually dies
J)releases histamine 
A) functions primarily to stimulate an adaptive immune response, but part of the innate immune system 
B) functions in the defence against parasitic worms 
C) differentiates into helper T cell 
D) differentiates into macrophage 
E) differentiates into cytotoxic T cell
F)induces apoptosis in virus-infected cells
G)produces antibodies
H)used to produce monoclonal antibodies
I)kills bacteria and then usually dies
J)releases histamine

Question 7

How is antibody-mediated immunity different from cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

A) Antibody-mediated immunity requires both B and T cells; cell-mediated immunity requires T cells but not B cells. 
B) Antibody-mediated immunity is adaptive; cell-mediated immunity is not. 
C) Antibody-mediated immunity requires T cells; cell-mediated immunity requires B cells. 
D) Antibody-mediated immunity requires lymphocytes; cell-mediated immunity does not require lymphocytes. 
A) Antibody-mediated immunity requires both B and T cells; cell-mediated immunity requires T cells but not B cells. 
B) Antibody-mediated immunity is adaptive; cell-mediated immunity is not. 
C) Antibody-mediated immunity requires T cells; cell-mediated immunity requires B cells. 
D) Antibody-mediated immunity requires lymphocytes; cell-mediated immunity does not require lymphocytes.

Question 8

-In the figure, which number indicates the hinge region?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
A) 1 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6

Question 9

How is adaptive immunity different from innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

A) Adaptive immunity is not specific, while innate immunity is. 
B) Adaptive immunity is immediate, while innate immunity is not. 
C) Adaptive immunity does not have memory, while innate immunity does. 
D) Adaptive immunity is specific, while innate immunity is not. 
A) Adaptive immunity is not specific, while innate immunity is. 
B) Adaptive immunity is immediate, while innate immunity is not. 
C) Adaptive immunity does not have memory, while innate immunity does. 
D) Adaptive immunity is specific, while innate immunity is not.

Question 10

How do natural killer cells destroy target cells?

Accepted Answer

A) by releasing perforin, which creates holes in the cell membrane 
B) by releasing histamine, which signals other blood cells to aggregate 
C) by releasing antibiotics, which break down the cell membrane 
D) by releasing antibodies, which break down the cell wall 
A) by releasing perforin, which creates holes in the cell membrane 
B) by releasing histamine, which signals other blood cells to aggregate 
C) by releasing antibiotics, which break down the cell membrane 
D) by releasing antibodies, which break down the cell wall

Question 11

The three lines of defence against invasion are: 1) adaptive immune system, 2) physical barriers, and 3) innate immune system. Which sequence of numbers places the three lines of defence in order, from earliest to latest?

Accepted Answer

A) 3, 2, 1 
B) 2, 1, 3 
C) 2, 3, 1 
D) 3, 1, 2 
A) 3, 2, 1 
B) 2, 1, 3 
C) 2, 3, 1 
D) 3, 1, 2

Question 12

Is universal vaccination required to eliminate diseases?

Accepted Answer

A) Theoretically, to eliminate specific diseases on a local or global level, everyone should be vaccinated. 
B) Ideally, to eliminate specific diseases on a global level, everyone should be vaccinated. 
C) Theoretically, to eliminate specific diseases on a local level, everyone should be vaccinated. 
D) Ideally, to eliminate specific diseases on a local and global level, everyone should be vaccinated. 
A) Theoretically, to eliminate specific diseases on a local or global level, everyone should be vaccinated. 
B) Ideally, to eliminate specific diseases on a global level, everyone should be vaccinated. 
C) Theoretically, to eliminate specific diseases on a local level, everyone should be vaccinated. 
D) Ideally, to eliminate specific diseases on a local and global level, everyone should be vaccinated.

Question 13

For curve B in the figure, when are B cells produced?

Accepted Answer

A) between weeks 2 and 4 
B) between weeks 2 and 3 
C) between weeks 0 and 2 
D) between weeks 0 and 1 
A) between weeks 2 and 4 
B) between weeks 2 and 3 
C) between weeks 0 and 2 
D) between weeks 0 and 1

Question 14

Use the list of terms to identify each labelled part of the illustration of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  
-viral RNA genome

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the list of terms to identify...

Question 15

What does a monoclonal antibody react against?

Accepted Answer

A) a single type of macromolecule 
B) different antigens of the same organism 
C) a single type of pathogen 
D) a single antigenic determinant 
A) a single type of macromolecule 
B) different antigens of the same organism 
C) a single type of pathogen 
D) a single antigenic determinant

Question 16

Which phrase describes curve D in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A) a primary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen 
B) a secondary response to the initial antigen 
C) a primary response to the initial antigen 
D) a secondary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen 
A) a primary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen 
B) a secondary response to the initial antigen 
C) a primary response to the initial antigen 
D) a secondary response to an antigen distinctly different from the initial antigen

Question 17

-In the figure, if an antibody serves as a B-cell receptor, by which region number will it bind to the host cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 3 
C) 2 
D) 1 
A) 6 
B) 3 
C) 2 
D) 1

Question 18

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once.
-is the major component of the secondary immune response

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM

Question 19

Which behaviour is associated with a high risk of HIV transmission?

Accepted Answer

A) using drugs intravenously 
B) being born to a healthy mother 
C) being exposed to contaminated urine products 
D) sharing bathroom facilities 
A) using drugs intravenously 
B) being born to a healthy mother 
C) being exposed to contaminated urine products 
D) sharing bathroom facilities

Question 20

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once.
-is first to be produced in response to an antigenic stimulus

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgD 
C) IgE 
D) IgG 
E) IgM

Exam 51: Defences Against Disease

Use the list of terms to identify each labelled part of the illustration of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). -reverse transcriptase

RNA interference (RNAi) defends primarily against viruses with single-stranded DNA genomes.

Use the list of terms to identify each labelled part of the illustration of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). -membrane coat

The term immunity comes from the Latin immunis. What does immunis mean?

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once. -crosses the placenta

Match each cell with its description. -neutrophil

How is antibody-mediated immunity different from cell-mediated immunity?

-In the figure, which number indicates the hinge region?

How is adaptive immunity different from innate immunity?

How do natural killer cells destroy target cells?

The three lines of defence against invasion are: 1) adaptive immune system, 2) physical barriers, and 3) innate immune system. Which sequence of numbers places the three lines of defence in order, from earliest to latest?

Is universal vaccination required to eliminate diseases?

For curve B in the figure, when are B cells produced?

Use the list of terms to identify each labelled part of the illustration of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). -viral RNA genome

What does a monoclonal antibody react against?

Which phrase describes curve D in the figure?

-In the figure, if an antibody serves as a B-cell receptor, by which region number will it bind to the host cell membrane?

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once. -is the major component of the secondary immune response

Which behaviour is associated with a high risk of HIV transmission?

Match each characteristic to a class of immunoglobulin. A class may be used more than once. -is first to be produced in response to an antigenic stimulus

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

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