Question 1

What do abrupt genetic changes that quickly lead to the reproductive isolation of a group of individuals likely lead to?

Accepted Answer

A) sympatric speciation 
B) allopatric speciation 
C) extinction 
D) mutation 
A) sympatric speciation 
B) allopatric speciation 
C) extinction 
D) mutation A

Question 2

Define a species cluster and provide examples.

Accepted Answer

A species cluster is a group of closely related species recently descended from a common ancestor. Species clusters are often found in oceanic archipelagos because of multiple invasions on each island in an archipelago. Species of fruit flies on the Hawaiian Islands provides an example of a species cluster that evolved relatively rapidly.

Question 3

How do animals show clinal variation?

Accepted Answer

Clinal variation results from gene flow between nearby populations when each population is adapting to slightly different conditions. The sparrows mentioned in the text developed changes in leg length and body size based on different environmental conditions.

Question 4

Match the appropriate definitions below to the following scientific terms.
-speciation between adjacent populations

Accepted Answer

A) allopolyploidy 
B) allopatric speciation 
C) autopolyploidy 
D) behavioral isolation 
E) biological species concept
F)hybrid breakdown
G)mechanical isolation
H)morphological species concept
I)parapatric speciation
J)polyploidy
K)subspecies
L)sympatric speciation
M)temporal isolation 
A) allopolyploidy 
B) allopatric speciation 
C) autopolyploidy 
D) behavioral isolation 
E) biological species concept
F)hybrid breakdown
G)mechanical isolation
H)morphological species concept
I)parapatric speciation
J)polyploidy
K)subspecies
L)sympatric speciation
M)temporal isolation

Question 5

What is a hybrid zone?

Accepted Answer

A) an area where no hybrids exist 
B) an area where two populations may breed and produce inviable, fertile offspring 
C) an area where two populations may breed and produce inviable, infertile offspring 
D) an area where two populations may breed and produce viable, fertile offspring 
A) an area where no hybrids exist 
B) an area where two populations may breed and produce inviable, fertile offspring 
C) an area where two populations may breed and produce inviable, infertile offspring 
D) an area where two populations may breed and produce viable, fertile offspring

Question 6

The morphological approach to speciation is prone to misinterpretation. Which of the following is NOT a misinterpretation?

Accepted Answer

A) a Chihuahua and a Great Dane that do not look alike 
B) snails that resemble each other but cannot mate 
C) snails of quite varied appearance that can all interbreed 
D) snails of quite similar appearance that are shown to be different species via reproductive isolation 
A) a Chihuahua and a Great Dane that do not look alike 
B) snails that resemble each other but cannot mate 
C) snails of quite varied appearance that can all interbreed 
D) snails of quite similar appearance that are shown to be different species via reproductive isolation

Question 7

If one plant has a very small tubular type of flower and cannot be pollinated by a large honeybee, it may develop which type of prezygotic isolation?

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral isolation 
B) ecological isolation 
C) gametic isolation 
D) mechanical isolation 
A) behavioral isolation 
B) ecological isolation 
C) gametic isolation 
D) mechanical isolation

Question 8

In which organisms is polyploidy a common mechanism of sympatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A) in mammals in general 
B) in birds in general 
C) in rodents 
D) in plants 
A) in mammals in general 
B) in birds in general 
C) in rodents 
D) in plants

Question 9

What did some of the work with Hawaiian fruit flies illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) the presence of a prezygotic isolating mechanism, which involved behavioral isolation 
B) the presence of a prezygotic isolating mechanism, which involved gametic isolation 
C) the presence of a postzygotic isolating mechanism, which involved behavioral isolation 
D) the presence of a postzygotic isolating mechanism, which involved gametic isolation 
A) the presence of a prezygotic isolating mechanism, which involved behavioral isolation 
B) the presence of a prezygotic isolating mechanism, which involved gametic isolation 
C) the presence of a postzygotic isolating mechanism, which involved behavioral isolation 
D) the presence of a postzygotic isolating mechanism, which involved gametic isolation

Question 10

Which type of isolation would crocuses that bloom in the early spring and marigolds that bloom in the summer definitely experience?

Accepted Answer

A) behavior 
B) ecological 
C) gametic 
D) temporal 
A) behavior 
B) ecological 
C) gametic 
D) temporal

Question 11

What does polyploidy refer to, and where does it most often occur?

Accepted Answer

A) It refers to an individual getting one or more additional sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in plants. 
B) It refers to an individual getting one or more additional sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in animals. 
C) It refers to an individual lacking one or more sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in plants. 
D) It refers to an individual lacking one or more sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in animals. 
A) It refers to an individual getting one or more additional sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in plants. 
B) It refers to an individual getting one or more additional sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in animals. 
C) It refers to an individual lacking one or more sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in plants. 
D) It refers to an individual lacking one or more sets of chromosomes, and it most often occurs in animals.

Question 12

Which of the following concepts is used for examining speciation by reconstructing the evolutionary tree?

Accepted Answer

A) biological species concept 
B) examination of ring species 
C) examination of clinal variation 
D) phylogenetic species concept 
A) biological species concept 
B) examination of ring species 
C) examination of clinal variation 
D) phylogenetic species concept

Question 13

Why do some Drosophila reject the sperm of another species?

Accepted Answer

A) because of a gametic isolation 
B) because of a hybrid breakdown 
C) because of a hybrid inviability 
D) because of a mechanical isolation 
A) because of a gametic isolation 
B) because of a hybrid breakdown 
C) because of a hybrid inviability 
D) because of a mechanical isolation

Question 14

Match the appropriate definitions below to the following scientific terms.
-polyploid offspring due to hybridization by closely related species

Accepted Answer

A) allopolyploidy 
B) allopatric speciation 
C) autopolyploidy 
D) behavioral isolation 
E) biological species concept
F)hybrid breakdown
G)mechanical isolation
H)morphological species concept
I)parapatric speciation
J)polyploidy
K)subspecies
L)sympatric speciation
M)temporal isolation 
A) allopolyploidy 
B) allopatric speciation 
C) autopolyploidy 
D) behavioral isolation 
E) biological species concept
F)hybrid breakdown
G)mechanical isolation
H)morphological species concept
I)parapatric speciation
J)polyploidy
K)subspecies
L)sympatric speciation
M)temporal isolation

Question 15

What happens with the individuals when geographic variation occurs among the members of a species?

Accepted Answer

A) They may be mistaken for separate species. 
B) They cannot mate successfully. 
C) They cannot produce offspring with intermediate characteristics. 
D) They may be from different subpopulations. 
A) They may be mistaken for separate species. 
B) They cannot mate successfully. 
C) They cannot produce offspring with intermediate characteristics. 
D) They may be from different subpopulations.

Question 16

Which of the following best defines a triploid organism?

Accepted Answer

A) an organism that is usually sterile because of improper chromosome segregation 
B) an organism that is usually sterile because of proper chromosome segregation 
C) an organism that is usually fertile because of improper chromosome segregation 
D) an organism that is usually fertile because of proper chromosome segregation 
A) an organism that is usually sterile because of improper chromosome segregation 
B) an organism that is usually sterile because of proper chromosome segregation 
C) an organism that is usually fertile because of improper chromosome segregation 
D) an organism that is usually fertile because of proper chromosome segregation

Question 17

Reinforcement enhances prezygotic isolation that had begun to develop while the populations were sympatric.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Labelling
Assign the following terms appropriately to the accompanying table by labelling with the appropriate letter.  
-hybrid sterility

Accepted Answer

The answer of Labelling
Assign the following terms appropriately to the...

Question 19

Two host races of apple maggots have appeared within the past 100 years. What does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) They may be undergoing allopatric speciation. 
B) They may be undergoing sympatric speciation. 
C) They may be undergoing genetic drift. 
D) They may be undergoing development of a hybrid zone. 
A) They may be undergoing allopatric speciation. 
B) They may be undergoing sympatric speciation. 
C) They may be undergoing genetic drift. 
D) They may be undergoing development of a hybrid zone.

Question 20

If a flood separated a large population into two populations, this would be an example of which process?

Accepted Answer

A) allopatric speciation 
B) development of a host race 
C) parapatric speciation 
D) sympatric speciation 
A) allopatric speciation 
B) development of a host race 
C) parapatric speciation 
D) sympatric speciation

Exam 19: Species and Macroevolution

What do abrupt genetic changes that quickly lead to the reproductive isolation of a group of individuals likely lead to?

Define a species cluster and provide examples.

How do animals show clinal variation?

Match the appropriate definitions below to the following scientific terms. -speciation between adjacent populations

What is a hybrid zone?

The morphological approach to speciation is prone to misinterpretation. Which of the following is NOT a misinterpretation?

If one plant has a very small tubular type of flower and cannot be pollinated by a large honeybee, it may develop which type of prezygotic isolation?

In which organisms is polyploidy a common mechanism of sympatric speciation?

What did some of the work with Hawaiian fruit flies illustrate?

Which type of isolation would crocuses that bloom in the early spring and marigolds that bloom in the summer definitely experience?

What does polyploidy refer to, and where does it most often occur?

Which of the following concepts is used for examining speciation by reconstructing the evolutionary tree?

Why do some Drosophila reject the sperm of another species?

Match the appropriate definitions below to the following scientific terms. -polyploid offspring due to hybridization by closely related species

What happens with the individuals when geographic variation occurs among the members of a species?

Which of the following best defines a triploid organism?

Reinforcement enhances prezygotic isolation that had begun to develop while the populations were sympatric.

Labelling Assign the following terms appropriately to the accompanying table by labelling with the appropriate letter. -hybrid sterility

Two host races of apple maggots have appeared within the past 100 years. What does this suggest?

If a flood separated a large population into two populations, this would be an example of which process?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

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