Question 1

Which respiratory surface property enhances the diffusion of respiratory gases?

Accepted Answer

A) cool temperatures 
B) a thick epithelial layer 
C) a large surface area 
D) the presence of active transport pumps 
A) cool temperatures 
B) a thick epithelial layer 
C) a large surface area 
D) the presence of active transport pumps C

Question 2

What would you predict would happen in an area of the body where blood is relatively acidic (low pH)?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
B) O2 would release from hemoglobin. 
C) CO2 would release from hemoglobin. 
D) O2 would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
A) CO2 would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
B) O2 would release from hemoglobin. 
C) CO2 would release from hemoglobin. 
D) O2 would bind more readily to hemoglobin. B

Question 3

Which of the following animals have the highest O2 consumption per gram ever recorded for animals?

Accepted Answer

A) aquatic animals 
B) insects at rest 
C) insects at flight 
D) birds at flight 
A) aquatic animals 
B) insects at rest 
C) insects at flight 
D) birds at flight C

Question 4

Each molecule of hemoglobin can bind to six molecules of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

If N2 gas comprises 79% of atmospheric air at sea level, what is the partial pressure of N2?

Accepted Answer

A) about 300 mm Hg 
B) about 500 mm Hg 
C) about 600 mm Hg 
D) about 700 mm Hg 
A) about 300 mm Hg 
B) about 500 mm Hg 
C) about 600 mm Hg 
D) about 700 mm Hg

Question 6

Which animal uses positive pressure breathing to ventilate its lungs?

Accepted Answer

A) a bird 
B) a salamander 
C) a lizard 
D) a human 
A) a bird 
B) a salamander 
C) a lizard 
D) a human

Question 7

Where in an insect tracheal system does gas exchange occur between the air and a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) in the tracheoles 
B) in the tracheal branches 
C) in the trachea 
D) in the gill filaments 
A) in the tracheoles 
B) in the tracheal branches 
C) in the trachea 
D) in the gill filaments

Question 8

Humans ventilate their lungs by negative pressure breathing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Among air-breathing animals, why do birds have the most effective mechanism of extracting oxygen from air?

Accepted Answer

A) because their air sacs provide additional respiratory surfaces 
B) because birds utilize crosscurrent exchange 
C) because bird lungs are the largest among vertebrates 
D) because bird lungs have more surface area 
A) because their air sacs provide additional respiratory surfaces 
B) because birds utilize crosscurrent exchange 
C) because bird lungs are the largest among vertebrates 
D) because bird lungs have more surface area

Question 10

Which of the following is responsible for closing off the airway during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

A) the larynx 
B) the epiglottis 
C) the pharynx 
D) the intercostal muscles 
A) the larynx 
B) the epiglottis 
C) the pharynx 
D) the intercostal muscles

Question 11

Birds utilize crosscurrent mechanisms to optimize diffusion of O2 across their respiratory surfaces.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which organ's smooth muscles need to contract in order to reduce air movement to the mammalian respiratory surfaces?

Accepted Answer

A) those of the epiglottis 
B) those of the large bronchi 
C) those of the bronchioles 
D) those of the trachea 
A) those of the epiglottis 
B) those of the large bronchi 
C) those of the bronchioles 
D) those of the trachea

Question 13

What would you predict to happen in an area of the body where blood is relatively cool?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
B) O2 would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
C) CO2 would release from hemoglobin. 
D) O2 would release from hemoglobin. 
A) CO2 would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
B) O2 would bind more readily to hemoglobin. 
C) CO2 would release from hemoglobin. 
D) O2 would release from hemoglobin.

Question 14

Match each term with its description.
-physiological respiration

Accepted Answer

A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids) 
A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids)

Question 15

Llamas, which are customarily known as mountain dwellers, have hemoglobin with a higher O2 binding affinity than that of humans. That being said, how would you predict the llama hemoglobin-O2 dissociation curve would differ from that of a human? (See diagram below.)

Accepted Answer

The slope of the llama hemoglobin-O₂ diss

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of local control over breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) the interneuron groups of the pons refining the contractions involved with inhalation and exhalation 
B) the aortic bodies signalling an increase in breathing rate when blood pH is acidic 
C) the carotid bodies signalling an increase in breathing rate when O2 levels are low 
D) automated lung ventilation and lung perfusion adjustments maximizing O2 and CO2 exchange 
A) the interneuron groups of the pons refining the contractions involved with inhalation and exhalation 
B) the aortic bodies signalling an increase in breathing rate when blood pH is acidic 
C) the carotid bodies signalling an increase in breathing rate when O2 levels are low 
D) automated lung ventilation and lung perfusion adjustments maximizing O2 and CO2 exchange

Question 17

Alveoli are the respiratory surfaces of birds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which sequence presents the insect tracheal system structures in the correct order, from most external to most internal?

Accepted Answer

A) tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches, spiracles 
B) tracheoles, tracheal branches, tracheae, spiracles 
C) spiracles, tracheae, tracheal branches, tracheoles 
D) spiracles, tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches 
A) tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches, spiracles 
B) tracheoles, tracheal branches, tracheae, spiracles 
C) spiracles, tracheae, tracheal branches, tracheoles 
D) spiracles, tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches

Question 19

Which of the following air-filled respiratory system structures are common in insects?

Accepted Answer

A) tracheal tubes 
B) lungs 
C) gills 
D) integumentary surfaces 
A) tracheal tubes 
B) lungs 
C) gills 
D) integumentary surfaces

Question 20

Which term refers to the initial branches of the trachea that lead into each lung?

Accepted Answer

A) bronchioles 
B) alveoli 
C) pleura 
D) bronchi 
A) bronchioles 
B) alveoli 
C) pleura 
D) bronchi

Exam 49: Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Which respiratory surface property enhances the diffusion of respiratory gases?

What would you predict would happen in an area of the body where blood is relatively acidic (low pH)?

Which of the following animals have the highest O2 consumption per gram ever recorded for animals?

Each molecule of hemoglobin can bind to six molecules of oxygen.

If N2 gas comprises 79% of atmospheric air at sea level, what is the partial pressure of N2?

Which animal uses positive pressure breathing to ventilate its lungs?

Where in an insect tracheal system does gas exchange occur between the air and a cell?

Humans ventilate their lungs by negative pressure breathing.

Among air-breathing animals, why do birds have the most effective mechanism of extracting oxygen from air?

Which of the following is responsible for closing off the airway during swallowing?

Birds utilize crosscurrent mechanisms to optimize diffusion of O2 across their respiratory surfaces.

Which organ's smooth muscles need to contract in order to reduce air movement to the mammalian respiratory surfaces?

What would you predict to happen in an area of the body where blood is relatively cool?

Match each term with its description. -physiological respiration

Llamas, which are customarily known as mountain dwellers, have hemoglobin with a higher O2 binding affinity than that of humans. That being said, how would you predict the llama hemoglobin-O2 dissociation curve would differ from that of a human? (See diagram below.)

Which of the following is an example of local control over breathing?

Alveoli are the respiratory surfaces of birds.

Which sequence presents the insect tracheal system structures in the correct order, from most external to most internal?

Which of the following air-filled respiratory system structures are common in insects?

Which term refers to the initial branches of the trachea that lead into each lung?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

Filters

Which of the following animals have the highest O₂ consumption per gram ever recorded for animals?

If N₂ gas comprises 79% of atmospheric air at sea level, what is the partial pressure of N₂?

Birds utilize crosscurrent mechanisms to optimize diffusion of O₂ across their respiratory surfaces.

Llamas, which are customarily known as mountain dwellers, have hemoglobin with a higher O₂ binding affinity than that of humans. That being said, how would you predict the llama hemoglobin-O₂ dissociation curve would differ from that of a human? (See diagram below.)