Question 1

-Which letter on the graph indicates the activation energy when no enzyme is present?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D C

Question 2

What is the difference between cofactors and coenzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) Cofactors tend to be complex molecules, but coenzymes are generally ions. 
B) Cofactors are not necessary, but coenzymes are necessary. 
C) Cofactors can be inorganic or organic, but coenzymes are always inorganic. 
D) Cofactors can be inorganic or organic, but coenzymes are just another name for organic cofactors. 
A) Cofactors tend to be complex molecules, but coenzymes are generally ions. 
B) Cofactors are not necessary, but coenzymes are necessary. 
C) Cofactors can be inorganic or organic, but coenzymes are always inorganic. 
D) Cofactors can be inorganic or organic, but coenzymes are just another name for organic cofactors. D

Question 3

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term.
-a toddler dumping boxes of toys

Accepted Answer

A) endergonic 
B) exergonic 
C) equilibrium 
A) endergonic 
B) exergonic 
C) equilibrium B

Question 4

Match each definition with the corresponding term.
-catalyst

Accepted Answer

A) primary coupling agent in cellular reactions 
B) addition of a phosphate group to a target molecule 
C) product of the reaction interacts with an enzyme in a noncompetitive way to inhibit or enhance enzyme activity 
D) linking of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction that allows a cell to drive a nonspontaneous reaction to completion 
E) series of chemical reactions where the products of one reaction are the reactants for a subsequent reaction
F)substance that facilitates a chemical reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction
G)energy needed to start a reaction, be it endergonic or exergonic
H)portion of the enzyme that binds to a reactant or reactants
I)state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
J)intermediate arrangement of unstable bonds between atoms that can proceed toward either the reactants or the products of a reaction
K)reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme 
A) primary coupling agent in cellular reactions 
B) addition of a phosphate group to a target molecule 
C) product of the reaction interacts with an enzyme in a noncompetitive way to inhibit or enhance enzyme activity 
D) linking of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction that allows a cell to drive a nonspontaneous reaction to completion 
E) series of chemical reactions where the products of one reaction are the reactants for a subsequent reaction
F)substance that facilitates a chemical reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction
G)energy needed to start a reaction, be it endergonic or exergonic
H)portion of the enzyme that binds to a reactant or reactants
I)state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
J)intermediate arrangement of unstable bonds between atoms that can proceed toward either the reactants or the products of a reaction
K)reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme

Question 5

Which sentence best describes the process of competitive inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A) The inhibitor binds to and directly blocks the active site of the enzyme. 
B) The products of the reaction block the active site of the enzyme. 
C) The substrate and cofactors compete for the active site. 
D) The inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site of the enzyme and blocks enzyme activity indirectly. 
A) The inhibitor binds to and directly blocks the active site of the enzyme. 
B) The products of the reaction block the active site of the enzyme. 
C) The substrate and cofactors compete for the active site. 
D) The inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site of the enzyme and blocks enzyme activity indirectly.

Question 6

-Which letter on the graph indicates the free energy of the reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 7

Which of the following can be said to occur during every energy transformation?

Accepted Answer

A) A change occurs in the free energy of the universe. 
B) The entropy of the universe increases. 
C) A change occurs in the total energy of the universe. 
D) The entropy of the universe decreases. 
A) A change occurs in the free energy of the universe. 
B) The entropy of the universe increases. 
C) A change occurs in the total energy of the universe. 
D) The entropy of the universe decreases.

Question 8

Photomicrograph by Dr. Conly L. Rieder, East Greenbush, New York
-In the graph, why does the curve sharply drop after approximately 45°C instead of mirroring the slope of the line going from 0 to 40°C?

Accepted Answer

A) The kinetic energy of the reactants is so great that it destabilizes the enzyme and diminishes the enzyme's activity. 
B) This is true of all catalysts and is not due to any special features of enzymes. 
C) The kinetic energy of the reactants is lower than that of the products, thus forcing a change in enzyme activity. 
D) The enzyme begins to denature above a certain temperature, thus eliminating all catalytic activity of the protein. 
A) The kinetic energy of the reactants is so great that it destabilizes the enzyme and diminishes the enzyme's activity. 
B) This is true of all catalysts and is not due to any special features of enzymes. 
C) The kinetic energy of the reactants is lower than that of the products, thus forcing a change in enzyme activity. 
D) The enzyme begins to denature above a certain temperature, thus eliminating all catalytic activity of the protein.

Question 9

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term.
-a reaction where ?G is negative

Accepted Answer

A) endergonic 
B) exergonic 
C) equilibrium 
A) endergonic 
B) exergonic 
C) equilibrium

Question 10

Which statement best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A) Matter can be created and destroyed. 
B) Matter only changes forms. 
C) Energy only changes forms. 
D) Energy can be created and destroyed. 
A) Matter can be created and destroyed. 
B) Matter only changes forms. 
C) Energy only changes forms. 
D) Energy can be created and destroyed.

Question 11

What does it mean that cells are open systems?

Accepted Answer

A) They take out energy and matter and maintain ordered state . 
B) They bring in energy and matter and maintain disordered state 
C) they take out energy and matter and maintain ordered state. 
D) They bring in energy and matter  and maintain ordered state. 
A) They take out energy and matter and maintain ordered state . 
B) They bring in energy and matter and maintain disordered state 
C) they take out energy and matter and maintain ordered state. 
D) They bring in energy and matter  and maintain ordered state.

Question 12

Which of the following is an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) folding laundry 
B) synthesizing a protein 
C) burning wood for a campfire 
D) building a tower out of blocks 
A) folding laundry 
B) synthesizing a protein 
C) burning wood for a campfire 
D) building a tower out of blocks

Question 13

Which type of metabolic pathway involves building biomass?

Accepted Answer

A) catabolic 
B) parabolic 
C) irreversible 
D) anabolic 
A) catabolic 
B) parabolic 
C) irreversible 
D) anabolic

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a dead cell as a system?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a closed system that exchanges energy with its surroundings. 
B) It is an open system that exchanges energy with its surroundings. 
C) It is an isolated system that does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings. 
D) It is a closed system that does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings. 
A) It is a closed system that exchanges energy with its surroundings. 
B) It is an open system that exchanges energy with its surroundings. 
C) It is an isolated system that does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings. 
D) It is a closed system that does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings.

Question 15

Suppose all three enzymes represented in the graph catalyze the same reaction, but conditions require you to use a pH of 7. Which is the best enzyme to use?

Accepted Answer

A) enzyme 3 
B) enzyme 2 
C) either enzyme 1 or 2 
D) enzyme 1 
A) enzyme 3 
B) enzyme 2 
C) either enzyme 1 or 2 
D) enzyme 1

Question 16

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term.
-a reaction where ?G is positive

Accepted Answer

A) endergonic 
B) exergonic 
C) equilibrium 
A) endergonic 
B) exergonic 
C) equilibrium

Question 17

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term.
-protein synthesis

Accepted Answer

A) endergonic 
B) exergonic 
C) equilibrium 
A) endergonic 
B) exergonic 
C) equilibrium

Question 18

Suppose you decide to alter the rate of a reaction. Which of the following would tend to reverse the enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) adding more reactants 
B) adding more enzyme 
C) mechanically stirring the contents of a beaker of reactants 
D) adding more product 
A) adding more reactants 
B) adding more enzyme 
C) mechanically stirring the contents of a beaker of reactants 
D) adding more product

Question 19

Match each definition with the corresponding term.
-activation energy

Accepted Answer

A) primary coupling agent in cellular reactions 
B) addition of a phosphate group to a target molecule 
C) product of the reaction interacts with an enzyme in a noncompetitive way to inhibit or enhance enzyme activity 
D) linking of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction that allows a cell to drive a nonspontaneous reaction to completion 
E) series of chemical reactions where the products of one reaction are the reactants for a subsequent reaction
F)substance that facilitates a chemical reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction
G)energy needed to start a reaction, be it endergonic or exergonic
H)portion of the enzyme that binds to a reactant or reactants
I)state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
J)intermediate arrangement of unstable bonds between atoms that can proceed toward either the reactants or the products of a reaction
K)reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme 
A) primary coupling agent in cellular reactions 
B) addition of a phosphate group to a target molecule 
C) product of the reaction interacts with an enzyme in a noncompetitive way to inhibit or enhance enzyme activity 
D) linking of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction that allows a cell to drive a nonspontaneous reaction to completion 
E) series of chemical reactions where the products of one reaction are the reactants for a subsequent reaction
F)substance that facilitates a chemical reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction
G)energy needed to start a reaction, be it endergonic or exergonic
H)portion of the enzyme that binds to a reactant or reactants
I)state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
J)intermediate arrangement of unstable bonds between atoms that can proceed toward either the reactants or the products of a reaction
K)reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme

Question 20

Suppose that an earthquake hits. Which of the following would be most likely to characterize your books being scattered on the floor all over your room?

Accepted Answer

A) The books now have less entropy. 
B) The books now have more entropy. 
C) The books have the same entropy. 
D) The books have no entropy. 
A) The books now have less entropy. 
B) The books now have more entropy. 
C) The books have the same entropy. 
D) The books have no entropy.

Exam 4: Energy and Enzymes

-Which letter on the graph indicates the activation energy when no enzyme is present?

What is the difference between cofactors and coenzymes?

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term. -a toddler dumping boxes of toys

Match each definition with the corresponding term. -catalyst

Which sentence best describes the process of competitive inhibition?

-Which letter on the graph indicates the free energy of the reaction?

Which of the following can be said to occur during every energy transformation?

Photomicrograph by Dr. Conly L. Rieder, East Greenbush, New York -In the graph, why does the curve sharply drop after approximately 45°C instead of mirroring the slope of the line going from 0 to 40°C?

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term. -a reaction where ?G is negative

Which statement best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

What does it mean that cells are open systems?

Which of the following is an exergonic reaction?

Which type of metabolic pathway involves building biomass?

Which of the following best describes a dead cell as a system?

Suppose all three enzymes represented in the graph catalyze the same reaction, but conditions require you to use a pH of 7. Which is the best enzyme to use?

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term. -a reaction where ?G is positive

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term. -protein synthesis

Suppose you decide to alter the rate of a reaction. Which of the following would tend to reverse the enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Match each definition with the corresponding term. -activation energy

Suppose that an earthquake hits. Which of the following would be most likely to characterize your books being scattered on the floor all over your room?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

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