Question 1

Which statement supports the claim that children are born with a "theory of mind module"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Certain areas of the brains of children with autism spectrum disorders appear to be atypically sized. 
B)  Preschoolers with older siblings do better on false-belief tasks than those without older siblings. 
C)  General information-processing skills are essential for understanding that other people might have different knowledge than they themselves possess. 
D)  Children with autism spectrum disorders tend to have fewer interactions with other people than do others. 
A)  Certain areas of the brains of children with autism spectrum disorders appear to be atypically sized. 
B)  Preschoolers with older siblings do better on false-belief tasks than those without older siblings. 
C)  General information-processing skills are essential for understanding that other people might have different knowledge than they themselves possess. 
D)  Children with autism spectrum disorders tend to have fewer interactions with other people than do others.

Question 2

A commonsense understanding of oneself and other people is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  naïve psychology. 
B)  basic psychology. 
C)  an informal theory. 
D)  theory of mind. 
A)  naïve psychology. 
B)  basic psychology. 
C)  an informal theory. 
D)  theory of mind.

Question 3

General ideas or understandings that can be used to group together objects are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  concepts. 
B)  perceptions. 
C)  theories. 
D)  beliefs. 
A)  concepts. 
B)  perceptions. 
C)  theories. 
D)  beliefs.

Question 4

Research has suggested that pretend play and sociodramatic play:

Accepted Answer

A)  cause children to experience setbacks in psychological understanding. 
B)  reflect children's most basic level of psychological understanding. 
C)  are correlated with higher levels of social understanding. 
D)  increase children's egocentrism. 
A)  cause children to experience setbacks in psychological understanding. 
B)  reflect children's most basic level of psychological understanding. 
C)  are correlated with higher levels of social understanding. 
D)  increase children's egocentrism.

Question 5

The Lourenco and Longo study in which a particular decoration was associated with either the larger or the smaller of two displays demonstrated that infants have a:

Accepted Answer

A)  specific concept of number. 
B)  specific concept of time. 
C)  specific concept of space. 
D)  general magnitude concept. 
A)  specific concept of number. 
B)  specific concept of time. 
C)  specific concept of space. 
D)  general magnitude concept.

Question 6

The study examining infants' ability to do simple arithmetic that showed infants one or two dolls and then either added or subtracted a doll from behind a screen demonstrated that infants were surprised in which of these scenarios? Scenario A: A doll is placed behind a screen where another doll was initially present, and lowering of the screen reveals a single doll. Scenario B: A doll is removed from behind a screen where two dolls were initially present, and lowering of the screen reveals a single doll. Scenario C: A doll is placed behind a screen where another doll was initially present, and lowering of the screen reveals two dolls. Scenario D: A doll is removed from behind a screen where two dolls were initially present, and lowering of the screen reveals two dolls.

Accepted Answer

A)  both Scenarios A and D 
B)  both Scenarios B and C 
C)  Scenario A only 
D)  none of the scenarios 
A)  both Scenarios A and D 
B)  both Scenarios B and C 
C)  Scenario A only 
D)  none of the scenarios

Question 7

The coding of spatial locations relative to one's own body is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  dead reckoning. 
B)  egocentric representation. 
C)  egotistic representation. 
D)  external environment representation. 
A)  dead reckoning. 
B)  egocentric representation. 
C)  egotistic representation. 
D)  external environment representation.

Question 8

Researcher Barnes is interested in infants' ability to retrieve a hidden toy after relocating to the opposite side of the hiding place. The first group of infants is carried to the opposite side, and the second group is encouraged to crawl to the opposite side. Which result would be expected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants who are carried to the opposite side and those who crawl there will both do very well on the task. 
B)  Infants who are carried to the opposite side will be more successful than those who crawl there. 
C)  Infants who crawl to the opposite side will be more successful than those who are carried there. 
D)  Most infants will fail at this task, regardless of whether they are carried to the opposite side or crawl there themselves. 
A)  Infants who are carried to the opposite side and those who crawl there will both do very well on the task. 
B)  Infants who are carried to the opposite side will be more successful than those who crawl there. 
C)  Infants who crawl to the opposite side will be more successful than those who are carried there. 
D)  Most infants will fail at this task, regardless of whether they are carried to the opposite side or crawl there themselves.

Question 9

Of these categories, which one would a young child be MOST likely to learn first?

Accepted Answer

A)  colour 
B)  blue 
C)  sky blue 
D)  dark blue 
A)  colour 
B)  blue 
C)  sky blue 
D)  dark blue

Question 10

Ginny is 12 and was given a false-belief problem that she answered incorrectly. Which is most likely true of Ginny?

Accepted Answer

A)  She is typical for a 12-year-old. 
B)  She has autism spectrum disorder. 
C)  She is hearing impaired. 
D)  She was a low birth weight infant. 
A)  She is typical for a 12-year-old. 
B)  She has autism spectrum disorder. 
C)  She is hearing impaired. 
D)  She was a low birth weight infant.

Question 11

Daniel, who is 5 years old, and his brother James, who is 3 years old, watch a magic show. Which reaction would NOT be expected?

Accepted Answer

A)  James actively tries to figure out how the magician does his tricks. 
B)  Daniel is fascinated by the lack of an obvious causal mechanism. 
C)  James does not find the magic tricks very interesting. 
D)  Daniel believes that the magical effects have no cause. 
A)  James actively tries to figure out how the magician does his tricks. 
B)  Daniel is fascinated by the lack of an obvious causal mechanism. 
C)  James does not find the magic tricks very interesting. 
D)  Daniel believes that the magical effects have no cause.

Question 12

The study that examined kindergartners' ability to point to various locations in their classroom while imagining a walk from their seat to the teacher's chair demonstrated that kindergarten children:

Accepted Answer

A)  are essentially unable to imagine spatial arrangements. 
B)  have poor recall of their classroom arrangements. 
C)  can easily imagine spatial arrangements while standing stationary. 
D)  have mental representations of space that are improved with self-generated motion. 
A)  are essentially unable to imagine spatial arrangements. 
B)  have poor recall of their classroom arrangements. 
C)  can easily imagine spatial arrangements while standing stationary. 
D)  have mental representations of space that are improved with self-generated motion.

Question 13

Trains, boats, and buses are members of the same:

Accepted Answer

A)  causal category. 
B)  subordinate category. 
C)  superordinate category. 
D)  perceptual category. 
A)  causal category. 
B)  subordinate category. 
C)  superordinate category. 
D)  perceptual category.

Question 14

Trevor, a 2-year-old who loves the colour red, is told a story about a boy named Andy. In the story, Andy loves the colour blue. When Trevor is asked to choose the colour crayon that Andy would likely choose when drawing a picture, Trevor will MOST likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  select red, because it is his favourite colour. 
B)  select blue, because it is Andy's favourite colour. 
C)  select yellow, in an attempt to find a compromise. 
D)  choose randomly between red and blue. 
A)  select red, because it is his favourite colour. 
B)  select blue, because it is Andy's favourite colour. 
C)  select yellow, in an attempt to find a compromise. 
D)  choose randomly between red and blue.

Question 15

According to Wellman and Gelman (1998), children organize their observations of categories into:

Accepted Answer

A)  concepts. 
B)  theories of mind. 
C)  informal theories. 
D)  modules. 
A)  concepts. 
B)  theories of mind. 
C)  informal theories. 
D)  modules.

Question 16

_____ is NOT among the psychological concepts that emerge at the end of the first year and the beginning of the second.

Accepted Answer

A)  Understanding of intention 
B)  Understanding of other's emotions 
C)  Joint attention 
D)  Understanding of other's beliefs 
A)  Understanding of intention 
B)  Understanding of other's emotions 
C)  Joint attention 
D)  Understanding of other's beliefs

Question 17

Which statement about play is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pretend play is a type of object substitution. 
B)  Pretend play is a type of sociodramatic play. 
C)  Object substitution is a type of sociodramatic play. 
D)  Sociodramatic play is a type of pretend play. 
A)  Pretend play is a type of object substitution. 
B)  Pretend play is a type of sociodramatic play. 
C)  Object substitution is a type of sociodramatic play. 
D)  Sociodramatic play is a type of pretend play.

Question 18

Sheira, a 2-year-old, is told a story about a girl named Brenda. Brenda is looking for her favourite doll. Although Brenda thinks the doll is under the bed, it really is in the kitchen cabinet. When Sheira is asked where Brenda will look for her doll, Sheira will MOST likely predict that Brenda will look in which location(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  under the bed 
B)  in the kitchen cabinet 
C)  in the garage 
D)  both under the bed and in the kitchen cabinet 
A)  under the bed 
B)  in the kitchen cabinet 
C)  in the garage 
D)  both under the bed and in the kitchen cabinet

Question 19

Children with autism spectrum disorders do NOT have trouble:

Accepted Answer

A)  showing concern for people when they are distressed. 
B)  interacting with other people. 
C)  with false-belief problems. 
D)  spending time by themselves. 
A)  showing concern for people when they are distressed. 
B)  interacting with other people. 
C)  with false-belief problems. 
D)  spending time by themselves.

Question 20

Which group lists the three objects in subordinate/basic/superordinate order?

Accepted Answer

A)  flower/daisy/plant 
B)  hammer/screwdriver/tool 
C)  sedan/car/vehicle 
D)  food/fruit/apple 
A)  flower/daisy/plant 
B)  hammer/screwdriver/tool 
C)  sedan/car/vehicle 
D)  food/fruit/apple

Exam 7: Section 2: Conceptual Development

Which statement supports the claim that children are born with a "theory of mind module"?

A commonsense understanding of oneself and other people is referred to as:

General ideas or understandings that can be used to group together objects are referred to as:

Research has suggested that pretend play and sociodramatic play:

The Lourenco and Longo study in which a particular decoration was associated with either the larger or the smaller of two displays demonstrated that infants have a:

The coding of spatial locations relative to one's own body is referred to as:

Researcher Barnes is interested in infants' ability to retrieve a hidden toy after relocating to the opposite side of the hiding place. The first group of infants is carried to the opposite side, and the second group is encouraged to crawl to the opposite side. Which result would be expected?

Of these categories, which one would a young child be MOST likely to learn first?

Ginny is 12 and was given a false-belief problem that she answered incorrectly. Which is most likely true of Ginny?

Daniel, who is 5 years old, and his brother James, who is 3 years old, watch a magic show. Which reaction would NOT be expected?

The study that examined kindergartners' ability to point to various locations in their classroom while imagining a walk from their seat to the teacher's chair demonstrated that kindergarten children:

Trains, boats, and buses are members of the same:

Trevor, a 2-year-old who loves the colour red, is told a story about a boy named Andy. In the story, Andy loves the colour blue. When Trevor is asked to choose the colour crayon that Andy would likely choose when drawing a picture, Trevor will MOST likely:

According to Wellman and Gelman (1998), children organize their observations of categories into:

_____ is NOT among the psychological concepts that emerge at the end of the first year and the beginning of the second.

Which statement about play is true?

Children with autism spectrum disorders do NOT have trouble:

Which group lists the three objects in subordinate/basic/superordinate order?

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

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