Question 1

Which aspect(s) of working memory changes with age from childhood to adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  speed and structure of subsystems 
B)  capacity 
C)  speed and capacity 
D)  speed, capacity, and structure of subsystems 
A)  speed and structure of subsystems 
B)  capacity 
C)  speed and capacity 
D)  speed, capacity, and structure of subsystems

Question 2

Which statement about information is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Information that is not encoded is not remembered later. 
B)  Information that is not remembered was not encoded. 
C)  Information that is not associated is not generalized later. 
D)  Information that is not generalized was not associated. 
A)  Information that is not encoded is not remembered later. 
B)  Information that is not remembered was not encoded. 
C)  Information that is not associated is not generalized later. 
D)  Information that is not generalized was not associated.

Question 3

According to dynamic-systems theories, development is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a process of organizing and integrating. 
B)  determined by evolution. 
C)  characterized as a steady progression. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  a process of organizing and integrating. 
B)  determined by evolution. 
C)  characterized as a steady progression. 
D)  all of these.

Question 4

In which of these situations would Michael Tomasello be most interested?

Accepted Answer

A)  an older sibling teaching a younger sibling the truth about the Tooth Fairy 
B)  the increased mathematical reasoning skills of an older child in comparison to a younger child 
C)  young infants' inability to retrieve hidden objects 
D)  the increased memory skills of an older child in comparison to a younger child 
A)  an older sibling teaching a younger sibling the truth about the Tooth Fairy 
B)  the increased mathematical reasoning skills of an older child in comparison to a younger child 
C)  young infants' inability to retrieve hidden objects 
D)  the increased memory skills of an older child in comparison to a younger child

Question 5

According to Piaget, which behaviour develops first?

Accepted Answer

A)  deferred imitation 
B)  resolution of the A-not-B error 
C)  mental representation of objects not currently being perceived 
D)  infant "scientific experiments" 
A)  deferred imitation 
B)  resolution of the A-not-B error 
C)  mental representation of objects not currently being perceived 
D)  infant "scientific experiments"

Question 6

Which statement about content knowledge is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Content knowledge improves recall of new material. 
B)  Content knowledge increases with age. 
C)  Content knowledge generally interferes with learning. 
D)  When children have more content knowledge than do adults, children remember new information better than do adults. 
A)  Content knowledge improves recall of new material. 
B)  Content knowledge increases with age. 
C)  Content knowledge generally interferes with learning. 
D)  When children have more content knowledge than do adults, children remember new information better than do adults.

Question 7

Robert's mother pours a cup of milk for him and then realizes that the cup has a small crack in the rim. Not wanting her son to cut his lip, she pours the milk into another cup. The second cup happens to be shorter and wider than the first cup. Robert is not upset because he knows that the amount of milk has remained the same. Robert is at LEAST _____ years old.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  5 
C)  7 
D)  9 
A)  3 
B)  5 
C)  7 
D)  9

Question 8

Children's general knowledge about vehicles is an example of information stored in _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  working 
B)  long-term 
C)  sensory 
D)  short-term 
A)  working 
B)  long-term 
C)  sensory 
D)  short-term

Question 9

Myelin acts as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  insulator. 
B)  storage area. 
C)  automatic encoder. 
D)  speed controller. 
A)  insulator. 
B)  storage area. 
C)  automatic encoder. 
D)  speed controller.

Question 10

The simplest and most frequently used mental activities are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  strategies. 
B)  core processes. 
C)  basic processes. 
D)  executive functions 
A)  strategies. 
B)  core processes. 
C)  basic processes. 
D)  executive functions

Question 11

Dr. Brown conducts a study in which participants are presented with the pendulum problem described in the text and are asked to determine which factor or factors influence the amount of time it takes the pendulum to swing through a complete arc: the length of the string, the heaviness of the weight, the height from which the weight is dropped, or some combination of these factors. Which comparison is MOST likely to be made by an individual in Piaget's formal operational stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  heavy weight on short string versus light weight on long string, both dropped from the same height 
B)  heavy weight on long string versus light weight on short string, both dropped from the same height 
C)  light weight on short string dropped from high position versus light weight on short string dropped from lower position 
D)  light weight on long string dropped from high position versus light weight on short string dropped from lower position 
A)  heavy weight on short string versus light weight on long string, both dropped from the same height 
B)  heavy weight on long string versus light weight on short string, both dropped from the same height 
C)  light weight on short string dropped from high position versus light weight on short string dropped from lower position 
D)  light weight on long string dropped from high position versus light weight on short string dropped from lower position

Question 12

Which statement about intersubjectivity is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The skills involved in intersubjectivity do not emerge until the second year of life. 
B)  Scaffolding is an example of intersubjectivity. 
C)  Sociocultural theorists believe that intersubjectivity is the foundation of cognitive development. 
D)  All of these statements are true. 
A)  The skills involved in intersubjectivity do not emerge until the second year of life. 
B)  Scaffolding is an example of intersubjectivity. 
C)  Sociocultural theorists believe that intersubjectivity is the foundation of cognitive development. 
D)  All of these statements are true.

Question 13

Six-month-old Liliana has been exclusively breast-fed since birth and thus has never had milk from a bottle. The first time Liliana is offered a bottle, she tries to suck on it the way she is used to sucking. However, her sucking behaviour is not successful with the bottle. She thus has to adapt her sucking in order to get sufficient milk from the bottle. Liliana's new understanding of how to suck on the bottle is an indication that she has engaged in the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  organization. 
B)  calibration. 
C)  accommodation. 
D)  assimilation. 
A)  organization. 
B)  calibration. 
C)  accommodation. 
D)  assimilation.

Question 14

Working memory is limited in:

Accepted Answer

A)  both the length of time it can retain information and in its capacity. 
B)  neither the length of time it can retain information nor in its capacity. 
C)  the length of time it can retain information but not in its capacity. 
D)  its capacity but not in the length of time it can retain information. 
A)  both the length of time it can retain information and in its capacity. 
B)  neither the length of time it can retain information nor in its capacity. 
C)  the length of time it can retain information but not in its capacity. 
D)  its capacity but not in the length of time it can retain information.

Question 15

In their perspective on the extent to which the child is an active participant in his or her own development, dynamic-systems theories are most similar to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Piagetian theory. 
B)  sociocultural theories. 
C)  information-processing theories. 
D)  none of these. 
A)  Piagetian theory. 
B)  sociocultural theories. 
C)  information-processing theories. 
D)  none of these.

Question 16

Egocentrism is characteristic of Piaget's _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational 
A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational

Question 17

The overlapping-waves theory is a perspective on the development of:

Accepted Answer

A)  content knowledge. 
B)  problem solving. 
C)  planning. 
D)  memory strategies. 
A)  content knowledge. 
B)  problem solving. 
C)  planning. 
D)  memory strategies.

Question 18

Kevin and his mother are playing with a squeaky toy. Kevin's mother squeezes the toy in front of him and then hides it under a blanket. Kevin has fun finding the toy under the blanket and then giving it back to his mother. After several rounds of this game, Kevin's mother hides the toy behind a pillow instead of under the blanket. Rather than looking behind the pillow, however, Kevin lifts the blanket to look for the toy. What age is Kevin MOST likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  7 months 
B)  9 months 
C)  11 months 
D)  13 months 
A)  7 months 
B)  9 months 
C)  11 months 
D)  13 months

Question 19

Which theory focuses on the theme of the active child?

Accepted Answer

A)  information-processing 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  dynamic-systems 
D)  all of these theories 
A)  information-processing 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  dynamic-systems 
D)  all of these theories

Question 20

Arden is sitting in a tree and has a perfect view of his twin brother, George, digging a hole and burying a treasure. A few weeks later, the boys want to dig up the buried treasure, but leaves are covering the area, making it impossible to see the loosened dirt where George dug the hole. According to the dynamic-systems perspective, which brother is more likely to remember where the treasure is?

Accepted Answer

A)  A prediction cannot be made, as memory is not a focus of the dynamic-systems perspective. 
B)  Arden would be more likely to remember the location. 
C)  George would be more likely to remember the location. 
D)  The brothers would have an equal chance of remembering the location. 
A)  A prediction cannot be made, as memory is not a focus of the dynamic-systems perspective. 
B)  Arden would be more likely to remember the location. 
C)  George would be more likely to remember the location. 
D)  The brothers would have an equal chance of remembering the location.

Exam 4: Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Which aspect(s) of working memory changes with age from childhood to adolescence?

Which statement about information is true?

According to dynamic-systems theories, development is:

In which of these situations would Michael Tomasello be most interested?

According to Piaget, which behaviour develops first?

Which statement about content knowledge is NOT true?

Children's general knowledge about vehicles is an example of information stored in _____ memory.

Myelin acts as a(n):

The simplest and most frequently used mental activities are referred to as:

Which statement about intersubjectivity is true?

Working memory is limited in:

In their perspective on the extent to which the child is an active participant in his or her own development, dynamic-systems theories are most similar to:

Egocentrism is characteristic of Piaget's _____ stage.

The overlapping-waves theory is a perspective on the development of:

Which theory focuses on the theme of the active child?

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

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