Question 1

Which description is an illustration of behavioural variation in young children's addition strategies?

Accepted Answer

A)  faster performance on easy problems than on difficult problems 
B)  use of at least three different addition strategies on different problems 
C)  ineffective use of the retrieval strategy on difficult problems 
D)  poorer performance on difficult problems than on easy problems 
A)  faster performance on easy problems than on difficult problems 
B)  use of at least three different addition strategies on different problems 
C)  ineffective use of the retrieval strategy on difficult problems 
D)  poorer performance on difficult problems than on easy problems

Question 2

Which behaviour is an example of rehearsal?

Accepted Answer

A)  repeating a phone number several times between looking it up and dialing it 
B)  intentionally focusing on the last four digits of a phone number when looking it up 
C)  improvement over time in one's ability to remember a 10-digit phone number one has dialed several times 
D)  all of these behaviours 
A)  repeating a phone number several times between looking it up and dialing it 
B)  intentionally focusing on the last four digits of a phone number when looking it up 
C)  improvement over time in one's ability to remember a 10-digit phone number one has dialed several times 
D)  all of these behaviours

Question 3

Research following a dynamic-systems perspective has demonstrated that the A-not-B error appears to be caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of the concept of object permanence. 
B)  poor motivation to find the toy. 
C)  previous attention and reaching to location A. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  lack of the concept of object permanence. 
B)  poor motivation to find the toy. 
C)  previous attention and reaching to location A. 
D)  all of these.

Question 4

The dynamic-systems approach is intended to counter which disadvantage of other theories of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  inability to explain infants' apparent innate knowledge of some domains 
B)  lack of emphasis on how others help children learn 
C)  lack of attention to strategic variability 
D)  impression that children's thinking and their actions are independent 
A)  inability to explain infants' apparent innate knowledge of some domains 
B)  lack of emphasis on how others help children learn 
C)  lack of attention to strategic variability 
D)  impression that children's thinking and their actions are independent

Question 5

What was demonstrated by Levin and her colleagues in their study in which children walked in a circular motion while holding on to a 7-foot metal bar on a pivot?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lecturing to children is not an effective strategy to get them to learn difficult concepts. 
B)  Some concepts are too abstract for young children to comprehend. 
C)  Children can learn concepts beyond what is considered age-appropriate by actively experiencing the concepts. 
D)  Children are not able to conserve length until age 8. 
A)  Lecturing to children is not an effective strategy to get them to learn difficult concepts. 
B)  Some concepts are too abstract for young children to comprehend. 
C)  Children can learn concepts beyond what is considered age-appropriate by actively experiencing the concepts. 
D)  Children are not able to conserve length until age 8.

Question 6

Understanding new problems by recognizing parallels with familiar problems is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  analogical reasoning. 
B)  planning. 
C)  overlapping waves. 
D)  strategy comparison. 
A)  analogical reasoning. 
B)  planning. 
C)  overlapping waves. 
D)  strategy comparison.

Question 7

Which of these integrates working memory and long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  strategies 
B)  executive functioning 
C)  problem solving 
D)  task analysis 
A)  strategies 
B)  executive functioning 
C)  problem solving 
D)  task analysis

Question 8

Which statement about executive functioning is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is fully developed by approximately the age of 19. 
B)  Its quality in early childhood is highly predictive of occupational status in adulthood. 
C)  It is directly related to IQ and cannot be taught. 
D)  All of these statements are true. 
A)  It is fully developed by approximately the age of 19. 
B)  Its quality in early childhood is highly predictive of occupational status in adulthood. 
C)  It is directly related to IQ and cannot be taught. 
D)  All of these statements are true.

Question 9

Psychologists working within the dynamic-systems approach would be interested in:

Accepted Answer

A)  memory. 
B)  social interaction. 
C)  action. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  memory. 
B)  social interaction. 
C)  action. 
D)  all of these.

Question 10

According to Piagetian theory, young infants' goals are _____, and older infants' goals are more _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete; abstract 
B)  abstract; concrete 
C)  realistic; unrealistic 
D)  unrealistic; realistic 
A)  concrete; abstract 
B)  abstract; concrete 
C)  realistic; unrealistic 
D)  unrealistic; realistic

Question 11

Children first come to think abstractly and reason hypothetically in Piaget's _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational 
A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational

Question 12

Kevin and his mother are playing with a squeaky toy. Kevin's mother squeezes the toy in front of him and then hides it under a blanket. Kevin has fun finding the toy under the blanket and then giving it back to his mother. After several rounds of this game, Kevin's mother hides the toy behind a pillow instead of under the blanket. Rather than looking behind the pillow, however, Kevin lifts the blanket to look for the toy. Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kevin does not know the toy still exists. 
B)  Kevin is making the A-not-B error. 
C)  Kevin is approximately 6 months old. 
D)  All of these statements are true. 
A)  Kevin does not know the toy still exists. 
B)  Kevin is making the A-not-B error. 
C)  Kevin is approximately 6 months old. 
D)  All of these statements are true.

Question 13

Consider these statements. Statement A: Piaget was too specific about the cognitive processes involved in cognitive growth. Statement B: Piaget paid little attention to the influence of the social world on cognitive development. Statement C: Piaget's use of easy tasks overestimated infants' and young children's competencies. Statement D: Children's thinking within each stage is not as consistent as Piaget described. Which statement describes a weakness of Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  both Statements A and C 
B)  both Statements B and D 
C)  both Statements A and B 
D)  Statement D only 
A)  both Statements A and C 
B)  both Statements B and D 
C)  both Statements A and B 
D)  Statement D only

Question 14

Knowledge of the events of one's life is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  private speech. 
B)  personification. 
C)  autobiographical memory. 
D)  autobiological memory. 
A)  private speech. 
B)  personification. 
C)  autobiographical memory. 
D)  autobiological memory.

Question 15

Claudia, a 10-month-old baby, and her mother are playing. Claudia's mother looks up at the ceiling fan and says, "Claudia, look at the fan. Around and around it goes!" Claudia notices that her mother is looking up, so Claudia looks up at the fan as well. Claudia and her mother are engaging in:

Accepted Answer

A)  joint attention. 
B)  social scaffolding. 
C)  guided participation. 
D)  social referencing. 
A)  joint attention. 
B)  social scaffolding. 
C)  guided participation. 
D)  social referencing.

Question 16

Myelination does all of these things EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase connectivity among brain regions. 
B)  contribute to greater processing speed. 
C)  enhance the ability to resist distractions. 
D)  improve efficiency of neural communication. 
A)  increase connectivity among brain regions. 
B)  contribute to greater processing speed. 
C)  enhance the ability to resist distractions. 
D)  improve efficiency of neural communication.

Question 17

Sociocultural theories posit that the values of a culture influence _____ in its members.

Accepted Answer

A)  memories 
B)  thoughts 
C)  skills 
D)  all of these 
A)  memories 
B)  thoughts 
C)  skills 
D)  all of these

Question 18

Which statement is NOT a reason why developmental psychologists find theories of child development useful?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories raise fundamental questions about human nature. 
B)  Theories provide definitive answers to key questions about child development. 
C)  Theories motivate new research. 
D)  Theories provide frameworks for understanding important phenomena. 
A)  Theories raise fundamental questions about human nature. 
B)  Theories provide definitive answers to key questions about child development. 
C)  Theories motivate new research. 
D)  Theories provide frameworks for understanding important phenomena.

Question 19

Ten-year-old Bryan is going to call his grandmother. After his mother tells Bryan his grandmother's phone number, Bryan repeats it to himself while he goes to the phone to dial it. Bryan is utilizing:

Accepted Answer

A)  selective attention. 
B)  planning. 
C)  autobiographical memory. 
D)  rehearsal. 
A)  selective attention. 
B)  planning. 
C)  autobiographical memory. 
D)  rehearsal.

Question 20

Which theory places the LEAST emphasis on children's own efforts to understand the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  information-processing 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  dynamic-systems 
D)  Piagetian 
A)  information-processing 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  dynamic-systems 
D)  Piagetian

Exam 4: Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Which description is an illustration of behavioural variation in young children's addition strategies?

Which behaviour is an example of rehearsal?

Research following a dynamic-systems perspective has demonstrated that the A-not-B error appears to be caused by:

The dynamic-systems approach is intended to counter which disadvantage of other theories of cognitive development?

What was demonstrated by Levin and her colleagues in their study in which children walked in a circular motion while holding on to a 7-foot metal bar on a pivot?

Understanding new problems by recognizing parallels with familiar problems is referred to as:

Which of these integrates working memory and long-term memory?

Which statement about executive functioning is true?

Psychologists working within the dynamic-systems approach would be interested in:

According to Piagetian theory, young infants' goals are _____, and older infants' goals are more _____.

Children first come to think abstractly and reason hypothetically in Piaget's _____ stage.

Knowledge of the events of one's life is referred to as:

Claudia, a 10-month-old baby, and her mother are playing. Claudia's mother looks up at the ceiling fan and says, "Claudia, look at the fan. Around and around it goes!" Claudia notices that her mother is looking up, so Claudia looks up at the fan as well. Claudia and her mother are engaging in:

Myelination does all of these things EXCEPT:

Sociocultural theories posit that the values of a culture influence _____ in its members.

Which statement is NOT a reason why developmental psychologists find theories of child development useful?

Ten-year-old Bryan is going to call his grandmother. After his mother tells Bryan his grandmother's phone number, Bryan repeats it to himself while he goes to the phone to dial it. Bryan is utilizing:

Which theory places the LEAST emphasis on children's own efforts to understand the world?

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

Filters

According to Piagetian theory, young infants' goals are _, and older infants' goals are more _.