Question 1

The entirety of an individual's knowledge makes up his or her:

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term memory. 
B)  working memory. 
C)  executive functions. 
D)  information-processing core. 
A)  long-term memory. 
B)  working memory. 
C)  executive functions. 
D)  information-processing core.

Question 2

In Piaget's view, what produces cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  nature only 
B)  nurture only 
C)  the interaction of nature and nurture 
D)  both nature and nurture, independently 
A)  nature only 
B)  nurture only 
C)  the interaction of nature and nurture 
D)  both nature and nurture, independently

Question 3

Gregory and his father are baking cookies together. Which factor would NOT be considered by sociocultural theorists to be a cultural tool involved in this interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  their language 
B)  the temperature needed to bake the cookies 
C)  concepts of masculine and feminine roles 
D)  the recipe 
A)  their language 
B)  the temperature needed to bake the cookies 
C)  concepts of masculine and feminine roles 
D)  the recipe

Question 4

Which list places infants' skills in the order in which Piaget suggested they are acquired?

Accepted Answer

A)  integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours; modify reflexes to make them more adaptive; repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results; search for hidden objects 
B)  integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours; search for hidden objects; modify reflexes to make them more adaptive; repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results 
C)  modify reflexes to make them more adaptive; repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results; integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours; search for hidden objects 
D)  modify reflexes to make them more adaptive; integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours; repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results; search for hidden objects 
A)  integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours; modify reflexes to make them more adaptive; repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results; search for hidden objects 
B)  integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours; search for hidden objects; modify reflexes to make them more adaptive; repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results 
C)  modify reflexes to make them more adaptive; repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results; integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours; search for hidden objects 
D)  modify reflexes to make them more adaptive; integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours; repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results; search for hidden objects

Question 5

According to Piaget's theory, _____ should be able to think abstractly about all the factors involved in "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

Accepted Answer

A)  all older children, adolescents, and adults 
B)  no older children but all adolescents and adults 
C)  some adolescents and adults 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  all older children, adolescents, and adults 
B)  no older children but all adolescents and adults 
C)  some adolescents and adults 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 6

Monica's grandmother wants to teach her granddaughter a new concept. Piaget's theory would suggest that Monica's grandmother should:

Accepted Answer

A)  try to teach the concept as early as possible, and then find a way for Monica to learn the concept by actively experiencing it. 
B)  wait to teach the concept until Monica's way of thinking is appropriate, and then find a way for Monica to learn the concept by actively experiencing it. 
C)  try to teach the concept as early as possible, and carefully explain all the relevant aspects of the concept to Monica. 
D)  wait to teach the concept until Monica's way of thinking is appropriate, and carefully explain all the relevant aspects of the concept to Monica. 
A)  try to teach the concept as early as possible, and then find a way for Monica to learn the concept by actively experiencing it. 
B)  wait to teach the concept until Monica's way of thinking is appropriate, and then find a way for Monica to learn the concept by actively experiencing it. 
C)  try to teach the concept as early as possible, and carefully explain all the relevant aspects of the concept to Monica. 
D)  wait to teach the concept until Monica's way of thinking is appropriate, and carefully explain all the relevant aspects of the concept to Monica.

Question 7

Which list BEST represents Piaget's stages in the correct chronological order?

Accepted Answer

A)  preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational 
C)  sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, formal operational 
D)  preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational 
A)  preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational 
C)  sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, formal operational 
D)  preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational

Question 8

Sociocultural theorists focus on children as all of these beings EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  teachers. 
B)  products of their culture. 
C)  learners. 
D)  theorists. 
A)  teachers. 
B)  products of their culture. 
C)  learners. 
D)  theorists.

Question 9

According to Piaget, which factor contributes to young children's problems with conservation of liquid tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on static state rather than transformation 
B)  centration 
C)  egocentrism 
D)  all of these factors 
A)  focus on static state rather than transformation 
B)  centration 
C)  egocentrism 
D)  all of these factors

Question 10

The view that BEST represents Piaget's theory of development is of the child as:

Accepted Answer

A)  social being. 
B)  scientist. 
C)  computational system. 
D)  product of evolution. 
A)  social being. 
B)  scientist. 
C)  computational system. 
D)  product of evolution.

Question 11

Which of these is NOT considered a basic process by information-processing theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory 
B)  encoding 
C)  recalling 
D)  associating 
A)  working memory 
B)  encoding 
C)  recalling 
D)  associating

Question 12

Which topics are included in information-processing theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation and accommodation 
B)  object permanence and conservation 
C)  guided participation and social scaffolding 
D)  rules and strategies 
A)  assimilation and accommodation 
B)  object permanence and conservation 
C)  guided participation and social scaffolding 
D)  rules and strategies

Question 13

When trying to remember something, individuals often focus only on the information that is most relevant to their current goal, while not focusing on other information. This is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  selective attention. 
B)  planning. 
C)  analogical reasoning. 
D)  rehearsal. 
A)  selective attention. 
B)  planning. 
C)  analogical reasoning. 
D)  rehearsal.

Question 14

Mira, who is 8 years old, has loved animals since she was a preschooler, and she knows a lot of information about them. She takes a trip to the zoo with her friend Danielle. Danielle is 10 years old, and although she likes animals, she does not know nearly as much about them as Mira does. According to information-processing theories, who is likely to learn more from a guided tour by an animal expert, Mira or Danielle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Danielle, because she is older and thus better able to remember things 
B)  Mira, because she is younger and has a more pliable memory structure 
C)  Danielle, because she has so much more to learn 
D)  Mira, because her higher level of knowledge enables her to have better memory for new information 
A)  Danielle, because she is older and thus better able to remember things 
B)  Mira, because she is younger and has a more pliable memory structure 
C)  Danielle, because she has so much more to learn 
D)  Mira, because her higher level of knowledge enables her to have better memory for new information

Question 15

The father of 4-year-old Annabelle and 9-year-old Shana tells his daughters that they need to buy 10 items at the supermarket, including five items to make cake (eggs, flour, butter, sugar, and chocolate) and five items for lunch (milk, bread, peanut butter, jelly, and apples). He asks Annabelle to help him remember the cake ingredients, and he asks Shana to help him remember the lunch items. What is MOST likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Annabelle will pay careful attention only to her five items, but Shana will pay the same attention to all 10 items. 
B)  Annabelle and Shana will both repeat their own five items over and over until they select the items at the store. 
C)  Annabelle will pay equal attention to all 10 items, and Shana will repeat her own five items over and over until they select the items at the store. 
D)  Annabelle will repeat all 10 items, and Shana will repeat only her own five items, over and over, until they select the items at the store. 
A)  Annabelle will pay careful attention only to her five items, but Shana will pay the same attention to all 10 items. 
B)  Annabelle and Shana will both repeat their own five items over and over until they select the items at the store. 
C)  Annabelle will pay equal attention to all 10 items, and Shana will repeat her own five items over and over until they select the items at the store. 
D)  Annabelle will repeat all 10 items, and Shana will repeat only her own five items, over and over, until they select the items at the store.

Question 16

Which statement provides an example of centration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Andrew thinks a big empty box is heavier than a small box full of rocks. 
B)  Fiona gives her newborn brother her favorite doll when he is crying. 
C)  Bradley yells to his father from another room, "See, Daddy, I did it." 
D)  Michelle pretends to have a sword fight using a stick as a sword. 
A)  Andrew thinks a big empty box is heavier than a small box full of rocks. 
B)  Fiona gives her newborn brother her favorite doll when he is crying. 
C)  Bradley yells to his father from another room, "See, Daddy, I did it." 
D)  Michelle pretends to have a sword fight using a stick as a sword.

Question 17

Ann Brown's "community-of-learners" program is BEST supported by _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  dynamic-systems 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  information-processing 
D)  Piagetian 
A)  dynamic-systems 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  information-processing 
D)  Piagetian

Question 18

The term conservation concept refers to the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)  all nature is of vital importance and thus worth preserving. 
B)  perceptions of the world differ depending on point of view. 
C)  a particular object can be used to stand for another object. 
D)  merely changing the appearance of objects does not change their key properties. 
A)  all nature is of vital importance and thus worth preserving. 
B)  perceptions of the world differ depending on point of view. 
C)  a particular object can be used to stand for another object. 
D)  merely changing the appearance of objects does not change their key properties.

Question 19

The process by which children integrate new information into concepts they already understand is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibration. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  accommodation. 
D)  assimilation. 
A)  equilibration. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  accommodation. 
D)  assimilation.

Question 20

According to Piaget, the accomplishment that characterizes the first few months of life is infants' ability to:

Accepted Answer

A)  search for hidden objects. 
B)  react to the world with reflexes. 
C)  repeat others' actions long after they have occurred. 
D)  integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours. 
A)  search for hidden objects. 
B)  react to the world with reflexes. 
C)  repeat others' actions long after they have occurred. 
D)  integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours.

Exam 4: Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

The entirety of an individual's knowledge makes up his or her:

In Piaget's view, what produces cognitive development?

Gregory and his father are baking cookies together. Which factor would NOT be considered by sociocultural theorists to be a cultural tool involved in this interaction?

Which list places infants' skills in the order in which Piaget suggested they are acquired?

According to Piaget's theory, _____ should be able to think abstractly about all the factors involved in "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

Monica's grandmother wants to teach her granddaughter a new concept. Piaget's theory would suggest that Monica's grandmother should:

Which list BEST represents Piaget's stages in the correct chronological order?

Sociocultural theorists focus on children as all of these beings EXCEPT:

According to Piaget, which factor contributes to young children's problems with conservation of liquid tasks?

The view that BEST represents Piaget's theory of development is of the child as:

Which of these is NOT considered a basic process by information-processing theories?

Which topics are included in information-processing theories?

When trying to remember something, individuals often focus only on the information that is most relevant to their current goal, while not focusing on other information. This is referred to as:

Which statement provides an example of centration?

Ann Brown's "community-of-learners" program is BEST supported by _____ theory.

The term conservation concept refers to the idea that:

The process by which children integrate new information into concepts they already understand is referred to as:

According to Piaget, the accomplishment that characterizes the first few months of life is infants' ability to:

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

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