Question 1

Which statement about guided participation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It typically occurs in a situation in which a parent is explicitly trying to teach something to his/her child. 
B)  It ensures that less knowledgeable people do not attempt activities that are outside of their skill level. 
C)  It is a core component of most elementary school classrooms. 
D)  It includes cultural artifacts, values, and symbol systems. 
A)  It typically occurs in a situation in which a parent is explicitly trying to teach something to his/her child. 
B)  It ensures that less knowledgeable people do not attempt activities that are outside of their skill level. 
C)  It is a core component of most elementary school classrooms. 
D)  It includes cultural artifacts, values, and symbol systems.

Question 2

Which statement is an example of a symbolic representation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jared puts a bowl on his head and tells his father he has on a firefighter's helmet. 
B)  Alicia tells her mother she wants to be a doctor when she grows up. 
C)  Lucas watches his grandmother remove the top from a container and then tries to take it off himself the following day. 
D)  Tricia sees her father's shoes and is able to think of her father, even though he is out of view. 
A)  Jared puts a bowl on his head and tells his father he has on a firefighter's helmet. 
B)  Alicia tells her mother she wants to be a doctor when she grows up. 
C)  Lucas watches his grandmother remove the top from a container and then tries to take it off himself the following day. 
D)  Tricia sees her father's shoes and is able to think of her father, even though he is out of view.

Question 3

According to core-knowledge theorists, children do NOT form naïve theories of:

Accepted Answer

A)  physics. 
B)  psychology. 
C)  biology. 
D)  botany. 
A)  physics. 
B)  psychology. 
C)  biology. 
D)  botany.

Question 4

Myelination does NOT:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase connectivity among brain regions. 
B)  contribute to greater processing speed. 
C)  enhance the ability to resist distractions. 
D)  improve efficiency of neural communication. 
A)  increase connectivity among brain regions. 
B)  contribute to greater processing speed. 
C)  enhance the ability to resist distractions. 
D)  improve efficiency of neural communication.

Question 5

Which statement is TRUE according to information-processing theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive development occurs through a series of sudden changes. 
B)  Children of different ages think in qualitatively different ways. 
C)  Significant cognitive changes occur during brief transition periods between stages. 
D)  Changes are constantly occurring. 
A)  Cognitive development occurs through a series of sudden changes. 
B)  Children of different ages think in qualitatively different ways. 
C)  Significant cognitive changes occur during brief transition periods between stages. 
D)  Changes are constantly occurring.

Question 6

Myelination and increased connectivity among brain regions contribute to which development with age?

Accepted Answer

A)  faster processing 
B)  more frequent rehearsal 
C)  better encoding 
D)  more selective attention 
A)  faster processing 
B)  more frequent rehearsal 
C)  better encoding 
D)  more selective attention

Question 7

Which factor is NOT considered a basic process by information-processing theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory 
B)  encoding 
C)  recalling 
D)  associating 
A)  working memory 
B)  encoding 
C)  recalling 
D)  associating

Question 8

Amy and her father are playing with a squeaky toy. Amy's father is squeezing the toy in front of Amy. Amy is very excited and reaches for the toy. Amy's father, however, quickly hides the toy behind his back. At this point, Amy turns away from her father and begins to look at the ladybug design on her dress. Amy is probably approximately what age?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 month 
B)  6 months 
C)  10 months 
D)  15 months 
A)  1 month 
B)  6 months 
C)  10 months 
D)  15 months

Question 9

Margo is 4 years old and has a pet cat. As she pets her cat, he begins to meow loudly. Margo then gets up and pours some water for her cat in his bowl. Margo is demonstrating which characteristic of children's theories about their world?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children identify fundamental units for dividing relevant objects and events into a few basic categories. 
B)  Children explain many phenomena in terms of a few fundamental principles. 
C)  Children explain events in terms of unobservable causes. 
D)  Children do not develop theories about their world. 
A)  Children identify fundamental units for dividing relevant objects and events into a few basic categories. 
B)  Children explain many phenomena in terms of a few fundamental principles. 
C)  Children explain events in terms of unobservable causes. 
D)  Children do not develop theories about their world.

Question 10

The perspective that infants have substantial innate knowledge of evolutionary important domains is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  nativism. 
B)  core-knowledge. 
C)  domain-specific. 
D)  constructivism. 
A)  nativism. 
B)  core-knowledge. 
C)  domain-specific. 
D)  constructivism.

Question 11

Which statement about executive functioning is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is fully developed by approximately the age of 19 years. 
B)  Its quality in early childhood is highly predictive of occupational status in adulthood. 
C)  It is directly related to IQ and cannot be taught. 
D)  All of these statements are true. 
A)  It is fully developed by approximately the age of 19 years. 
B)  Its quality in early childhood is highly predictive of occupational status in adulthood. 
C)  It is directly related to IQ and cannot be taught. 
D)  All of these statements are true.

Question 12

According to dynamic-systems theories, which aspect is a constant across the process of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  change 
B)  learning mechanisms 
C)  memory capacity 
D)  learning through scaffolding 
A)  change 
B)  learning mechanisms 
C)  memory capacity 
D)  learning through scaffolding

Question 13

Which item is NOT one of the four core-knowledge systems as proposed by Spelke?

Accepted Answer

A)  inanimate objects and their mechanical interactions 
B)  the minds of people and other animals capable of goal-directed actions 
C)  letters, such as letters for forming words and sentences 
D)  spatial layouts and geometric relations 
A)  inanimate objects and their mechanical interactions 
B)  the minds of people and other animals capable of goal-directed actions 
C)  letters, such as letters for forming words and sentences 
D)  spatial layouts and geometric relations

Question 14

While Sumana is sitting in a high chair at a restaurant with her family, she throws her cracker off the tray and watches as it falls to the ground. Then she throws her spoon off the tray and watches as it falls. Next, she throws her peas and her drink off the tray before her family realizes what is happening. What age is Sumana MOST likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 months 
B)  11 months 
C)  15 months 
D)  21 months 
A)  8 months 
B)  11 months 
C)  15 months 
D)  21 months

Question 15

Domain-specific understanding does NOT allow children to:

Accepted Answer

A)  distinguish between living and nonliving things. 
B)  understanding the variability in the thinking of others. 
C)  anticipate that inanimate objects they encounter for the first time will remain stationary unless an external force is applied to them. 
D)  anticipate that animals they encounter for the first time might well move on their own. 
A)  distinguish between living and nonliving things. 
B)  understanding the variability in the thinking of others. 
C)  anticipate that inanimate objects they encounter for the first time will remain stationary unless an external force is applied to them. 
D)  anticipate that animals they encounter for the first time might well move on their own.

Question 16

Several times during Carmen's first week of school, she mistakenly opened the closet door when she meant to open the door to the bathroom. The BEST explanation for Carmen's mistake is that Carmen:

Accepted Answer

A)  failed to recall the location of the door. 
B)  had utilization deficiency. 
C)  failed to associate the location of the door with other knowledge. 
D)  had not encoded the location of the bathroom door. 
A)  failed to recall the location of the door. 
B)  had utilization deficiency. 
C)  failed to associate the location of the door with other knowledge. 
D)  had not encoded the location of the bathroom door.

Question 17

Rami, a 13-month-old, and his mother are playing with a musical toy. Rami's mother shows Rami the toy and then hides it under a blanket. Rami has fun finding the toy under the blanket and then giving it back to his mother. After several rounds of this game, Rami's mother hides the toy behind a pillow instead of under the blanket. Rami will be MOST likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  behave as if the toy has vanished. 
B)  search for the toy under the blanket. 
C)  search for the toy behind the pillow. 
D)  search for the toy behind his mother's back. 
A)  behave as if the toy has vanished. 
B)  search for the toy under the blanket. 
C)  search for the toy behind the pillow. 
D)  search for the toy behind his mother's back.

Question 18

Research following a dynamic-systems perspective has demonstrated that the A-not-B error appears to be caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of the concept of object permanence. 
B)  poor motivation to find the toy. 
C)  previous attention and reaching to location A. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  lack of the concept of object permanence. 
B)  poor motivation to find the toy. 
C)  previous attention and reaching to location A. 
D)  all of these.

Question 19

Which term does NOT identify one of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  postoperational 
D)  preoperational 
A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  postoperational 
D)  preoperational

Question 20

Children first come to think abstractly and reason hypothetically in Piaget's _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational 
A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational

Which statement about guided participation is TRUE?

Which statement is an example of a symbolic representation?

According to core-knowledge theorists, children do NOT form naïve theories of:

Myelination does NOT:

Which statement is TRUE according to information-processing theories?

Myelination and increased connectivity among brain regions contribute to which development with age?

Which factor is NOT considered a basic process by information-processing theories?

Margo is 4 years old and has a pet cat. As she pets her cat, he begins to meow loudly. Margo then gets up and pours some water for her cat in his bowl. Margo is demonstrating which characteristic of children's theories about their world?

The perspective that infants have substantial innate knowledge of evolutionary important domains is referred to as:

Which statement about executive functioning is TRUE?

According to dynamic-systems theories, which aspect is a constant across the process of development?

Which item is NOT one of the four core-knowledge systems as proposed by Spelke?

Domain-specific understanding does NOT allow children to:

Several times during Carmen's first week of school, she mistakenly opened the closet door when she meant to open the door to the bathroom. The BEST explanation for Carmen's mistake is that Carmen:

Research following a dynamic-systems perspective has demonstrated that the A-not-B error appears to be caused by:

Which term does NOT identify one of Piaget's stages?

Children first come to think abstractly and reason hypothetically in Piaget's _____ stage.

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 4: Theories of Cognitive Development

Which statement about guided participation is TRUE?

Which statement is an example of a symbolic representation?

According to core-knowledge theorists, children do NOT form naïve theories of:

Myelination does NOT:

Which statement is TRUE according to information-processing theories?

Myelination and increased connectivity among brain regions contribute to which development with age?

Which factor is NOT considered a basic process by information-processing theories?

Margo is 4 years old and has a pet cat. As she pets her cat, he begins to meow loudly. Margo then gets up and pours some water for her cat in his bowl. Margo is demonstrating which characteristic of children's theories about their world?

The perspective that infants have substantial innate knowledge of evolutionary important domains is referred to as:

Which statement about executive functioning is TRUE?

According to dynamic-systems theories, which aspect is a constant across the process of development?

Which item is NOT one of the four core-knowledge systems as proposed by Spelke?

Domain-specific understanding does NOT allow children to:

Several times during Carmen's first week of school, she mistakenly opened the closet door when she meant to open the door to the bathroom. The BEST explanation for Carmen's mistake is that Carmen:

Research following a dynamic-systems perspective has demonstrated that the A-not-B error appears to be caused by:

Which term does NOT identify one of Piaget's stages?

Children first come to think abstractly and reason hypothetically in Piaget's _____ stage.

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters