Exam 4: Theories of Cognitive Development

An experimenter shows a child two clay "sausages" that are identical in size and shape and then allows the child to watch as she rolls one of the clay sausages into a longer, thinner sausage. The experimenter then asks the child whether the two clay sausages still contain the same amount of clay. A child in Piaget's preoperational stage would be MOST likely to say:

The view that BEST represents information-processing theories is of the child as:

Claudia, a 10-month-old baby, and her mother are playing. Claudia's mother looks up at the ceiling fan and says, "Claudia, look at the fan. Around and around it goes!" Claudia notices that her mother is looking up, so Claudia looks up at the fan as well. Claudia and her mother are engaging in:

The view that BEST represents sociocultural theories is of the child as:

Private speech is conceived of by Vygotsky as a(n):

When trying to remember something, individuals often focus only on the information that is most relevant to their current goal, while not focusing on other information. This strategy is referred to as:

Which statement about information is TRUE?

Research from this perspective shows that 3-year-olds understand deception much better when they are actively involved in perpetrating the deceit than when they merely witness the same deception being perpetrated by others.

Which individual would be MOST likely to engage in overt private speech?

Sam and his mother are building a wooden box, using a hammer and nails. If Sam's mother would like to teach him how to hammer a nail, which behaviour would NOT be considered high-quality social scaffolding?

_____ theory concentrates on precisely detailing the processes involved in children's thinking.

Which list BEST represents the phases of Piaget's equilibration process?

With which statement about planning would information-processing theorists NOT agree?

While core-knowledge theorists believe that development reflects the operation of domain-specific as well as general learning mechanisms, they disagree regarding how much knowledge is inborn. With this in mind, compare and contrast the nativism and constructivism views.

Bonnie is a preschooler whose father works outside the home and whose mother stays home with her. On learning that her friend's mother works outside the home, Bonnie is confused because she believes that only fathers work outside the home. Piaget would say that Bonnie is in a state of:

Stacey is 2 years old and learning about her environment. As she does so, her language skills expand. She is best able to identify objects as either people, animals, or nonliving things. Stacey is demonstrating which characteristic of children's theories about their world?

At approximately what age did Piaget believe an individual is first able to form enduring mental representations?

Each day, each of us solves a variety of problems, including finding lost keys, remembering a friend's phone number, figuring out what to get Dad for Father's Day, and so on. Think about a recent problem, small or large, that you have had to solve. Do a task analysis of your problem solving. Be sure to describe your goals, subgoals, and relevant facts, as well as any inferences you had to make or biases you had. Also, be sure to describe any errors you made in your processing.

When people miss certain details of situations because other information draws their attention, they have failed to _____ the missing details.

Devon has just begun to use objects to stand for other objects. For instance, his current favourite game is to pretend to play guitar on a toy golf club. Devon is probably in Piaget's _____ stage.