Question 1

Sociocultural theories suggest that in order to help their students learn, teachers:

Accepted Answer

A)  ensure that children's existing knowledge does not interfere with learning new concepts. 
B)  make learning a cooperative activity. 
C)  provide an environment that can be actively experienced by children. 
D)  do task analysis to determine children's specific difficulties. 
A)  ensure that children's existing knowledge does not interfere with learning new concepts. 
B)  make learning a cooperative activity. 
C)  provide an environment that can be actively experienced by children. 
D)  do task analysis to determine children's specific difficulties.

Question 2

According to Piaget, infants are able to _____ before they are able to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results; integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours 
B)  search for hidden objects; repeat others' actions long after they have occurred 
C)  repeat others' actions long after they have occurred; repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results 
D)  search for hidden objects; integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours 
A)  repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results; integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours 
B)  search for hidden objects; repeat others' actions long after they have occurred 
C)  repeat others' actions long after they have occurred; repeat actions on the environment that bring interesting results 
D)  search for hidden objects; integrate reflexes into more complex behaviours

Question 3

Which description is an illustration of behavioural variation in young children's addition strategies?

Accepted Answer

A)  faster performance on easy problems than on difficult problems 
B)  use of at least three different addition strategies on different problems 
C)  ineffective use of the retrieval strategy on difficult problems 
D)  poorer performance on difficult problems than on easy problems 
A)  faster performance on easy problems than on difficult problems 
B)  use of at least three different addition strategies on different problems 
C)  ineffective use of the retrieval strategy on difficult problems 
D)  poorer performance on difficult problems than on easy problems

Question 4

Egocentrism is characteristic of Piaget's _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational 
A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational

Question 5

Compared with the other theories described in the chapter, dynamic-systems theories place particular emphasis on children's:

Accepted Answer

A)  memory. 
B)  actions. 
C)  interest in the social world. 
D)  age-related changes. 
A)  memory. 
B)  actions. 
C)  interest in the social world. 
D)  age-related changes.

Question 6

Children's general knowledge about vehicles is an example of information stored in _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  working 
B)  long-term 
C)  sensory 
D)  short-term 
A)  working 
B)  long-term 
C)  sensory 
D)  short-term

Question 7

Accommodation refers to the process by which children:

Accepted Answer

A)  create a stable understanding. 
B)  incorporate new information into their current understanding. 
C)  adjust their understanding in response to new information. 
D)  balance assimilation and adaptation. 
A)  create a stable understanding. 
B)  incorporate new information into their current understanding. 
C)  adjust their understanding in response to new information. 
D)  balance assimilation and adaptation.

Question 8

Myelin acts as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  insulator. 
B)  storage area. 
C)  automatic encoder. 
D)  speed controller. 
A)  insulator. 
B)  storage area. 
C)  automatic encoder. 
D)  speed controller.

Question 9

The process by which children integrate new information into concepts they already understand is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibration. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  accommodation. 
D)  assimilation. 
A)  equilibration. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  accommodation. 
D)  assimilation.

Question 10

Working memory involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  attending to and processing information. 
B)  retaining information. 
C)  inhibiting counterproductive actions. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  attending to and processing information. 
B)  retaining information. 
C)  inhibiting counterproductive actions. 
D)  all of these.

Question 11

Which characteristic is NOT shared by children's rudimentary theories and those of formal scientific theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  They identify fundamental units for dividing relevant objects and events into a few basic categories. 
B)  They explain many phenomena in terms of a few fundamental principles. 
C)  They explain events in terms of unobservable causes. 
D)  There are no shared characteristics between children's rudimentary theories and formal scientific theories. 
A)  They identify fundamental units for dividing relevant objects and events into a few basic categories. 
B)  They explain many phenomena in terms of a few fundamental principles. 
C)  They explain events in terms of unobservable causes. 
D)  There are no shared characteristics between children's rudimentary theories and formal scientific theories.

Question 12

Children in Piaget's _____ stage can solve conservation problems correctly.

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational 
A)  formal operational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  preoperational 
D)  concrete operational

Question 13

Austin is presented with the pendulum problem described in the text. He begins his experiments with the belief that the heaviness of the weight is the most important factor, tests his belief with unsystematic experiments, and concludes that his belief is accurate even though no clear conclusion could be drawn. Austin is in Piaget's _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete operational 
B)  formal operational 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  preoperational 
A)  concrete operational 
B)  formal operational 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  preoperational

Question 14

Jenny watches her big brother climb from the couch to the coffee table, a behaviour she has never attempted herself. The next day, Jenny climbs up on the couch and then over to the coffee table. Jenny's behaviour is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  postobservation modelling. 
B)  replication. 
C)  deferred imitation. 
D)  symbolic representation. 
A)  postobservation modelling. 
B)  replication. 
C)  deferred imitation. 
D)  symbolic representation.

Question 15

Understanding new problems by recognizing parallels with familiar problems is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  analogical reasoning. 
B)  planning. 
C)  overlapping waves. 
D)  strategy comparison. 
A)  analogical reasoning. 
B)  planning. 
C)  overlapping waves. 
D)  strategy comparison.

Question 16

Constructivism blends elements of which systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  nativism, information-processing, Piagetian 
B)  sociocultural, dynamic-systems, Piagetian 
C)  information-processing, sociocultural 
D)  constructivism, nativism, dynamic-systems 
A)  nativism, information-processing, Piagetian 
B)  sociocultural, dynamic-systems, Piagetian 
C)  information-processing, sociocultural 
D)  constructivism, nativism, dynamic-systems

Question 17

Reflexes are the primary manner of interacting with the world for children of what age?

Accepted Answer

A)  newborn 
B)  6 months 
C)  9 months 
D)  12 months 
A)  newborn 
B)  6 months 
C)  9 months 
D)  12 months

Question 18

What was demonstrated by Levin and her colleagues in their study in which children walked in a circular motion while holding onto a 7-foot metal bar on a pivot?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lecturing to children is not an effective strategy to get them to learn difficult concepts. 
B)  Some concepts are too abstract for young children to comprehend. 
C)  Children can learn concepts beyond what is considered age-appropriate by actively experiencing the concepts. 
D)  Children are not able to conserve length until age 8 years. 
A)  Lecturing to children is not an effective strategy to get them to learn difficult concepts. 
B)  Some concepts are too abstract for young children to comprehend. 
C)  Children can learn concepts beyond what is considered age-appropriate by actively experiencing the concepts. 
D)  Children are not able to conserve length until age 8 years.

Question 19

The perspective that infants build increasingly advanced understanding by combining rudimentary innate knowledge with subsequent experiences is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  nativism. 
B)  core-knowledge. 
C)  domain-specific. 
D)  constructivism. 
A)  nativism. 
B)  core-knowledge. 
C)  domain-specific. 
D)  constructivism.

Question 20

The pendulum problem described in the text is used to examine children's:

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic thinking. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  symbolic representations. 
D)  conservation. 
A)  systematic thinking. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  symbolic representations. 
D)  conservation.

Sociocultural theories suggest that in order to help their students learn, teachers:

According to Piaget, infants are able to _ before they are able to _.

Which description is an illustration of behavioural variation in young children's addition strategies?

Egocentrism is characteristic of Piaget's _____ stage.

Compared with the other theories described in the chapter, dynamic-systems theories place particular emphasis on children's:

Children's general knowledge about vehicles is an example of information stored in _____ memory.

Accommodation refers to the process by which children:

Myelin acts as a(n):

The process by which children integrate new information into concepts they already understand is referred to as:

Working memory involves:

Which characteristic is NOT shared by children's rudimentary theories and those of formal scientific theories?

Children in Piaget's _____ stage can solve conservation problems correctly.

Jenny watches her big brother climb from the couch to the coffee table, a behaviour she has never attempted herself. The next day, Jenny climbs up on the couch and then over to the coffee table. Jenny's behaviour is referred to as:

Understanding new problems by recognizing parallels with familiar problems is referred to as:

Constructivism blends elements of which systems?

Reflexes are the primary manner of interacting with the world for children of what age?

What was demonstrated by Levin and her colleagues in their study in which children walked in a circular motion while holding onto a 7-foot metal bar on a pivot?

The perspective that infants build increasingly advanced understanding by combining rudimentary innate knowledge with subsequent experiences is referred to as:

The pendulum problem described in the text is used to examine children's:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 4: Theories of Cognitive Development

Sociocultural theories suggest that in order to help their students learn, teachers:

According to Piaget, infants are able to _____ before they are able to _____.

Which description is an illustration of behavioural variation in young children's addition strategies?

Egocentrism is characteristic of Piaget's _____ stage.

Compared with the other theories described in the chapter, dynamic-systems theories place particular emphasis on children's:

Children's general knowledge about vehicles is an example of information stored in _____ memory.

Accommodation refers to the process by which children:

Myelin acts as a(n):

The process by which children integrate new information into concepts they already understand is referred to as:

Working memory involves:

Which characteristic is NOT shared by children's rudimentary theories and those of formal scientific theories?

Children in Piaget's _____ stage can solve conservation problems correctly.

Jenny watches her big brother climb from the couch to the coffee table, a behaviour she has never attempted herself. The next day, Jenny climbs up on the couch and then over to the coffee table. Jenny's behaviour is referred to as:

Understanding new problems by recognizing parallels with familiar problems is referred to as:

Constructivism blends elements of which systems?

Reflexes are the primary manner of interacting with the world for children of what age?

What was demonstrated by Levin and her colleagues in their study in which children walked in a circular motion while holding onto a 7-foot metal bar on a pivot?

The perspective that infants build increasingly advanced understanding by combining rudimentary innate knowledge with subsequent experiences is referred to as:

The pendulum problem described in the text is used to examine children's:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

According to Piaget, infants are able to _ before they are able to _.