Question 1

The process by which children balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibration. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  alteration. 
D)  calibration. 
A)  equilibration. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  alteration. 
D)  calibration.

Question 2

Young children can be defined as _____ in that they believe that members of a species have a fixed inner essence that makes then what they are.

Accepted Answer

A)  nativist 
B)  essentialist 
C)  domain-specific 
D)  constructivist 
A)  nativist 
B)  essentialist 
C)  domain-specific 
D)  constructivist

Question 3

_____ theory is particularly concerned with private speech.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dynamic-systems 
B)  Overlapping-waves 
C)  Piagetian 
D)  Sociocultural 
A)  Dynamic-systems 
B)  Overlapping-waves 
C)  Piagetian 
D)  Sociocultural

Question 4

Which topics are included in information-processing theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation and accommodation 
B)  object permanence and conservation 
C)  guided participation and social scaffolding 
D)  rules and strategies 
A)  assimilation and accommodation 
B)  object permanence and conservation 
C)  guided participation and social scaffolding 
D)  rules and strategies

Question 5

Which factor is NOT a major type of executive function?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition of actions 
B)  enhancement of working memory 
C)  knowledge of reasoning strategies 
D)  maintaining cognitive flexibility 
A)  inhibition of actions 
B)  enhancement of working memory 
C)  knowledge of reasoning strategies 
D)  maintaining cognitive flexibility

Question 6

An experimenter shows a child two clay "sausages" that are identical in size and shape and then allows the child to watch as she rolls one of the clay sausages into a longer, thinner sausage. The experimenter then asks the child whether the two clay sausages still contain the same amount of clay. This experiment was designed to examine:

Accepted Answer

A)  object permanence. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  symbolic representations. 
D)  conservation. 
A)  object permanence. 
B)  egocentrism. 
C)  symbolic representations. 
D)  conservation.

Question 7

Piaget believed that the BEST way for children to learn is through:

Accepted Answer

A)  rewards and punishments. 
B)  modelling peers and adults. 
C)  explicit instruction from adults. 
D)  experimenting with the world on their own. 
A)  rewards and punishments. 
B)  modelling peers and adults. 
C)  explicit instruction from adults. 
D)  experimenting with the world on their own.

Question 8

The study involving American and Chinese college students who were asked to solve two problems, one that required a solution similar to the strategy in the Hansel and Gretel story and one that required a solution similar to a strategy in a Chinese fairy tale, demonstrated the impact of _____ on analogical reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A)  culturally specific content 
B)  informal theories 
C)  differences in parents' educational practices 
D)  social scaffolding 
A)  culturally specific content 
B)  informal theories 
C)  differences in parents' educational practices 
D)  social scaffolding

Question 9

Define and describe the features of guided participation, and explain why it is a core component of the sociocultural perspective. Use an example to illustrate the features.

Accepted Answer

Guided participation is a process in whi

Question 10

The mutual understanding that people share during communication is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  social scaffolding. 
B)  guided participation. 
C)  intersubjectivity. 
D)  proximal development. 
A)  social scaffolding. 
B)  guided participation. 
C)  intersubjectivity. 
D)  proximal development.

Question 11

According to information-processing theories, cognitive development does NOT occur as children go through the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  acquiring new strategies. 
B)  coming to utilize innate understandings of crucial concepts. 
C)  expanding the amount they can process at one time. 
D)  becoming increasingly efficient at executing basic mental activities. 
A)  acquiring new strategies. 
B)  coming to utilize innate understandings of crucial concepts. 
C)  expanding the amount they can process at one time. 
D)  becoming increasingly efficient at executing basic mental activities.

Question 12

Sociocultural theories refer to the values, economic circumstances, symbol systems, and skills that are involved in everyday interactions as:

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural tools. 
B)  cultural by-products. 
C)  social constructs. 
D)  social instruments. 
A)  cultural tools. 
B)  cultural by-products. 
C)  social constructs. 
D)  social instruments.

Question 13

Which statement does NOT describe a characteristic of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  The transitions from one stage to another are instantaneous. 
B)  Children proceed through the stages in a fixed order. 
C)  The type of thinking typical of a particular stage pervades thinking across diverse content areas. 
D)  The type of thinking typical of a particular stage is qualitatively different from the type of thinking typical of the previous stage. 
A)  The transitions from one stage to another are instantaneous. 
B)  Children proceed through the stages in a fixed order. 
C)  The type of thinking typical of a particular stage pervades thinking across diverse content areas. 
D)  The type of thinking typical of a particular stage is qualitatively different from the type of thinking typical of the previous stage.

Question 14

According to the dynamic-systems perspective, development:

Accepted Answer

A)  involves long periods of relatively stable phases. 
B)  is characterized by a series of predictable improvements. 
C)  is changing constantly and involves some regressions. 
D)  is described by all of these. 
A)  involves long periods of relatively stable phases. 
B)  is characterized by a series of predictable improvements. 
C)  is changing constantly and involves some regressions. 
D)  is described by all of these.

Question 15

A dynamic-systems theorist would MOST likely be interested in the development of which attribute?

Accepted Answer

A)  crawling 
B)  memory 
C)  executive functioning skills 
D)  preference 
A)  crawling 
B)  memory 
C)  executive functioning skills 
D)  preference

Question 16

Describe how intelligence is conceived of within each of the five theories described in this chapter (Piagetian, information-processing, core-knowledge, sociocultural, and dynamic-systems).

Accepted Answer

Piaget viewed intelligence as qualitativ

Question 17

Sociocultural theorists do NOT focus on children as:

Accepted Answer

A)  teachers. 
B)  products of their culture. 
C)  learners. 
D)  theorists. 
A)  teachers. 
B)  products of their culture. 
C)  learners. 
D)  theorists.

Question 18

Theorists believe that this specialized learning mechanism enables young children to rapidly master the complicated systems of grammatical rules that are present in all human languages.

Accepted Answer

A)  language acquisition device 
B)  object permanence 
C)  deferred imitation 
D)  symbolic representation 
A)  language acquisition device 
B)  object permanence 
C)  deferred imitation 
D)  symbolic representation

Question 19

In their perspective on the extent to which the child is an active participant in his/her own development, dynamic-systems theories are MOST similar to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Piagetian theory. 
B)  sociocultural theories. 
C)  information-processing theories. 
D)  none of these. 
A)  Piagetian theory. 
B)  sociocultural theories. 
C)  information-processing theories. 
D)  none of these.

Question 20

Each of the five theories discussed in this chapter (Piagetian, information-processing, core-knowledge, sociocultural, and dynamic-systems) has implications for teaching methods. Explain what those are for each theoretical perspective.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory suggests that children's

The process by which children balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding is referred to as:

Young children can be defined as _____ in that they believe that members of a species have a fixed inner essence that makes then what they are.

_____ theory is particularly concerned with private speech.

Which topics are included in information-processing theories?

Which factor is NOT a major type of executive function?

Piaget believed that the BEST way for children to learn is through:

Define and describe the features of guided participation, and explain why it is a core component of the sociocultural perspective. Use an example to illustrate the features.

The mutual understanding that people share during communication is referred to as:

According to information-processing theories, cognitive development does NOT occur as children go through the process of:

Sociocultural theories refer to the values, economic circumstances, symbol systems, and skills that are involved in everyday interactions as:

Which statement does NOT describe a characteristic of Piaget's stages?

According to the dynamic-systems perspective, development:

A dynamic-systems theorist would MOST likely be interested in the development of which attribute?

Describe how intelligence is conceived of within each of the five theories described in this chapter (Piagetian, information-processing, core-knowledge, sociocultural, and dynamic-systems).

Sociocultural theorists do NOT focus on children as:

Theorists believe that this specialized learning mechanism enables young children to rapidly master the complicated systems of grammatical rules that are present in all human languages.

In their perspective on the extent to which the child is an active participant in his/her own development, dynamic-systems theories are MOST similar to:

Each of the five theories discussed in this chapter (Piagetian, information-processing, core-knowledge, sociocultural, and dynamic-systems) has implications for teaching methods. Explain what those are for each theoretical perspective.

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 4: Theories of Cognitive Development

The process by which children balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding is referred to as:

Young children can be defined as _____ in that they believe that members of a species have a fixed inner essence that makes then what they are.

_____ theory is particularly concerned with private speech.

Which topics are included in information-processing theories?

Which factor is NOT a major type of executive function?

Piaget believed that the BEST way for children to learn is through:

Define and describe the features of guided participation, and explain why it is a core component of the sociocultural perspective. Use an example to illustrate the features.

The mutual understanding that people share during communication is referred to as:

According to information-processing theories, cognitive development does NOT occur as children go through the process of:

Sociocultural theories refer to the values, economic circumstances, symbol systems, and skills that are involved in everyday interactions as:

Which statement does NOT describe a characteristic of Piaget's stages?

According to the dynamic-systems perspective, development:

A dynamic-systems theorist would MOST likely be interested in the development of which attribute?

Describe how intelligence is conceived of within each of the five theories described in this chapter (Piagetian, information-processing, core-knowledge, sociocultural, and dynamic-systems).

Sociocultural theorists do NOT focus on children as:

Theorists believe that this specialized learning mechanism enables young children to rapidly master the complicated systems of grammatical rules that are present in all human languages.

In their perspective on the extent to which the child is an active participant in his/her own development, dynamic-systems theories are MOST similar to:

Each of the five theories discussed in this chapter (Piagetian, information-processing, core-knowledge, sociocultural, and dynamic-systems) has implications for teaching methods. Explain what those are for each theoretical perspective.

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters