Question 1

Guided participation refers to the process by which more knowledgeable people:

Accepted Answer

A)  arrange situations in ways that allow less knowledgeable people to succeed at a level beyond their current abilities. 
B)  allow less knowledgeable people to attempt things on their own while being observed by the more knowledgeable people. 
C)  essentially complete a task for less knowledgeable people while making them believe that they are participating. 
D)  defer to the intuition of less knowledgeable people to guide the more knowledgeable people. 
A)  arrange situations in ways that allow less knowledgeable people to succeed at a level beyond their current abilities. 
B)  allow less knowledgeable people to attempt things on their own while being observed by the more knowledgeable people. 
C)  essentially complete a task for less knowledgeable people while making them believe that they are participating. 
D)  defer to the intuition of less knowledgeable people to guide the more knowledgeable people.

Question 2

Which of these theorists would be MOST interested in the development of children's ability to inhibit their habitual response to speak when playing the Quiet Game?

Accepted Answer

A)  dynamic-systems 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  Piagetian 
D)  information-processing 
A)  dynamic-systems 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  Piagetian 
D)  information-processing

Question 3

Which theoretical perspective views children as entering the world equipped with general learning abilities as well as specialized learning mechanisms that allow them to quickly and effortlessly acquire information of evolutionary importance?

Accepted Answer

A)  information-processing theory 
B)  dynamic-systems theory 
C)  Piaget's theory 
D)  core-knowledge theory 
A)  information-processing theory 
B)  dynamic-systems theory 
C)  Piaget's theory 
D)  core-knowledge theory

Question 4

The simplest and most frequently used mental activities are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  strategies. 
B)  core processes. 
C)  basic processes. 
D)  executive functions 
A)  strategies. 
B)  core processes. 
C)  basic processes. 
D)  executive functions

Question 5

Which adjective is NOT characteristic of formal operational thought?

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic 
B)  abstract 
C)  advanced 
D)  one-dimensional 
A)  systematic 
B)  abstract 
C)  advanced 
D)  one-dimensional

Question 6

Task analysis refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  a researcher's determination of the level of difficulty of a task presented to children. 
B)  the method by which computers break down commands into their smallest parts. 
C)  identification of an individual's goals, information in the environment, and processing strategies. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  a researcher's determination of the level of difficulty of a task presented to children. 
B)  the method by which computers break down commands into their smallest parts. 
C)  identification of an individual's goals, information in the environment, and processing strategies. 
D)  all of these.

Question 7

Arden is sitting in a tree and has a perfect view of his twin brother George digging a hole and burying a treasure. A few weeks later, the boys want to dig up the buried treasure, but leaves are covering the area, making it impossible to see the loosened dirt where George dug the hole. According to the dynamic-systems perspective, which brother is more likely to remember where the treasure is?

Accepted Answer

A)  A prediction cannot be made, as memory is not a focus of the dynamic-systems perspective. 
B)  Arden would be more likely to remember the location. 
C)  George would be more likely to remember the location. 
D)  The brothers would have an equal chance of remembering the location. 
A)  A prediction cannot be made, as memory is not a focus of the dynamic-systems perspective. 
B)  Arden would be more likely to remember the location. 
C)  George would be more likely to remember the location. 
D)  The brothers would have an equal chance of remembering the location.

Question 8

Dr. Brown conducts a study in which participants are presented with the pendulum problem described in the text and are asked to determine which factor or factors influence the amount of time it takes the pendulum to swing through a complete arc: the length of the string, the heaviness of the weight, the height from which the weight is dropped, or some combination of these factors. Which comparison is MOST likely to be made by an individual in Piaget's formal operational stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  heavy weight on short string versus light weight on long string, both dropped from the same height 
B)  heavy weight on long string versus light weight on short string, both dropped from the same height 
C)  light weight on short string dropped from high position versus light weight on short string dropped from lower position 
D)  light weight on long string dropped from high position versus light weight on short string dropped from lower position 
A)  heavy weight on short string versus light weight on long string, both dropped from the same height 
B)  heavy weight on long string versus light weight on short string, both dropped from the same height 
C)  light weight on short string dropped from high position versus light weight on short string dropped from lower position 
D)  light weight on long string dropped from high position versus light weight on short string dropped from lower position

Question 9

Mira, who is 8 years old, has loved animals since she was a preschooler, and she knows a lot of information about them. She takes a trip to the zoo with her friend Danielle. Danielle is 10 years old, and although she likes animals, she does not know nearly as much about them as Mira does. According to information-processing theories, who is likely to learn more from a guided tour by an animal expert, Mira or Danielle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Danielle, because she is older and thus better able to remember things 
B)  Mira, because she is younger and has a more pliable memory structure 
C)  Danielle, because she has so much more to learn 
D)  Mira, because her higher level of knowledge enables her to have better memory for new information 
A)  Danielle, because she is older and thus better able to remember things 
B)  Mira, because she is younger and has a more pliable memory structure 
C)  Danielle, because she has so much more to learn 
D)  Mira, because her higher level of knowledge enables her to have better memory for new information

Question 10

The dynamic-systems approach considers _____ to be a mechanism for change.

Accepted Answer

A)  variation and selection 
B)  assimilation and accommodation 
C)  intersubjectivity and scaffolding 
D)  private speech and personification 
A)  variation and selection 
B)  assimilation and accommodation 
C)  intersubjectivity and scaffolding 
D)  private speech and personification

Question 11

Which approach is especially concerned with how the many facets of the child function as an integrated whole to produce behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  information-processing 
B)  dynamic-systems 
C)  Piagetian 
D)  sociocultural 
A)  information-processing 
B)  dynamic-systems 
C)  Piagetian 
D)  sociocultural

Question 12

Which statement provides an example of centration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Andrew thinks a big empty box is heavier than a small box full of rocks. 
B)  Fiona gives her newborn brother her favourite doll when he is crying. 
C)  Bradley yells to his father from another room, "See, Daddy, I did it." 
D)  Michelle pretends to have a sword fight using a stick as a sword. 
A)  Andrew thinks a big empty box is heavier than a small box full of rocks. 
B)  Fiona gives her newborn brother her favourite doll when he is crying. 
C)  Bradley yells to his father from another room, "See, Daddy, I did it." 
D)  Michelle pretends to have a sword fight using a stick as a sword.

Question 13

Individual variability in the development of walking would be most interesting to psychologists within which perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piagetian 
B)  dynamic-systems 
C)  sociocultural 
D)  information-processing 
A)  Piagetian 
B)  dynamic-systems 
C)  sociocultural 
D)  information-processing

Question 14

The father of 4-year-old Annabelle and 9-year-old Shana tells his daughters that they need to buy 10 items at the supermarket, including 5 items to make cake (eggs, flour, butter, sugar, and chocolate) and 5 items for lunch (milk, bread, peanut butter, jelly, and apples). He asks Annabelle to help him remember the cake ingredients, and he asks Shana to help him remember the lunch items. What is MOST likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Annabelle will pay careful attention only to her 5 items, but Shana will pay the same attention to all 10 items. 
B)  Annabelle and Shana will both repeat their own 5 items over and over until they select the items at the store. 
C)  Annabelle will pay equal attention to all 10 items, and Shana will repeat her own 5 items over and over until they select the items at the store. 
D)  Annabelle will repeat all 10 items, and Shana will repeat only her own 5 items, over and over, until they select the items at the store. 
A)  Annabelle will pay careful attention only to her 5 items, but Shana will pay the same attention to all 10 items. 
B)  Annabelle and Shana will both repeat their own 5 items over and over until they select the items at the store. 
C)  Annabelle will pay equal attention to all 10 items, and Shana will repeat her own 5 items over and over until they select the items at the store. 
D)  Annabelle will repeat all 10 items, and Shana will repeat only her own 5 items, over and over, until they select the items at the store.

Question 15

Which theory places the LEAST emphasis on children's own efforts to understand the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  information-processing 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  dynamic-systems 
D)  Piagetian 
A)  information-processing 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  dynamic-systems 
D)  Piagetian

Question 16

Centration refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  perceiving the world solely from one's own point of view. 
B)  using one object to stand for another. 
C)  focusing on a single salient feature of an object to the exclusion of other features. 
D)  having difficulty taking other people's perspectives. 
A)  perceiving the world solely from one's own point of view. 
B)  using one object to stand for another. 
C)  focusing on a single salient feature of an object to the exclusion of other features. 
D)  having difficulty taking other people's perspectives.

Question 17

Who proposed the most prominent nativist theory, which is called core-knowledge theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elizabeth Spelke 
B)  Henry Wellman 
C)  Susan Gelman 
D)  Lev Vygotsky 
A)  Elizabeth Spelke 
B)  Henry Wellman 
C)  Susan Gelman 
D)  Lev Vygotsky

Question 18

Encoding refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  representing features of objects in memory. 
B)  recognizing objects. 
C)  generalizing from one event to another. 
D)  goal-directed behaviour. 
A)  representing features of objects in memory. 
B)  recognizing objects. 
C)  generalizing from one event to another. 
D)  goal-directed behaviour.

Question 19

Gregory and his father are baking cookies together. Which factor would NOT be considered by sociocultural theorists to be a cultural tool involved in this interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  their language 
B)  the temperature needed to bake the cookies 
C)  concepts of masculine and feminine roles 
D)  the recipe 
A)  their language 
B)  the temperature needed to bake the cookies 
C)  concepts of masculine and feminine roles 
D)  the recipe

Question 20

According to sociocultural theories, helping children with _____ is considered an important way that parents use scaffolding.

Accepted Answer

A)  autobiographical memories 
B)  private speech 
C)  A-not-B error 
D)  deferred imitation 
A)  autobiographical memories 
B)  private speech 
C)  A-not-B error 
D)  deferred imitation

Guided participation refers to the process by which more knowledgeable people:

Which of these theorists would be MOST interested in the development of children's ability to inhibit their habitual response to speak when playing the Quiet Game?

Which theoretical perspective views children as entering the world equipped with general learning abilities as well as specialized learning mechanisms that allow them to quickly and effortlessly acquire information of evolutionary importance?

The simplest and most frequently used mental activities are referred to as:

Which adjective is NOT characteristic of formal operational thought?

Task analysis refers to:

The dynamic-systems approach considers _____ to be a mechanism for change.

Which approach is especially concerned with how the many facets of the child function as an integrated whole to produce behaviour?

Which statement provides an example of centration?

Individual variability in the development of walking would be most interesting to psychologists within which perspective?

Which theory places the LEAST emphasis on children's own efforts to understand the world?

Centration refers to:

Who proposed the most prominent nativist theory, which is called core-knowledge theory?

Encoding refers to:

Gregory and his father are baking cookies together. Which factor would NOT be considered by sociocultural theorists to be a cultural tool involved in this interaction?

According to sociocultural theories, helping children with _____ is considered an important way that parents use scaffolding.

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 4: Theories of Cognitive Development

Guided participation refers to the process by which more knowledgeable people:

Which of these theorists would be MOST interested in the development of children's ability to inhibit their habitual response to speak when playing the Quiet Game?

Which theoretical perspective views children as entering the world equipped with general learning abilities as well as specialized learning mechanisms that allow them to quickly and effortlessly acquire information of evolutionary importance?

The simplest and most frequently used mental activities are referred to as:

Which adjective is NOT characteristic of formal operational thought?

Task analysis refers to:

The dynamic-systems approach considers _____ to be a mechanism for change.

Which approach is especially concerned with how the many facets of the child function as an integrated whole to produce behaviour?

Which statement provides an example of centration?

Individual variability in the development of walking would be most interesting to psychologists within which perspective?

Which theory places the LEAST emphasis on children's own efforts to understand the world?

Centration refers to:

Who proposed the most prominent nativist theory, which is called core-knowledge theory?

Encoding refers to:

Gregory and his father are baking cookies together. Which factor would NOT be considered by sociocultural theorists to be a cultural tool involved in this interaction?

According to sociocultural theories, helping children with _____ is considered an important way that parents use scaffolding.

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters