Question 1

_____ is the process by which the solver uses the operators of one problem to solve another.

Accepted Answer

A)  Analogy 
B)  Discovery 
C)  Insight 
D)  Observation 
A)  Analogy 
B)  Discovery 
C)  Insight 
D)  Observation

Question 2

Humans tend to select the non-repeating operator that MOST reduces the difference between the current state and the goal.This is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  backup avoidance. 
B)  difference reduction. 
C)  means-ends analysis. 
D)  search. 
A)  backup avoidance. 
B)  difference reduction. 
C)  means-ends analysis. 
D)  search.

Question 3

Silveira's (1971)experiment in which she employed the cheap-necklace problem demonstrates the importance of which problem-solving phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  incubation 
B)  insight 
C)  problem representation 
D)  goal structures 
A)  incubation 
B)  insight 
C)  problem representation 
D)  goal structures

Question 4

What are incubation effects?

Accepted Answer

Incubation effects refer to th

Question 5

According to Halford (1992),what is the hallmark of human cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  analogical reasoning 
B)  communication 
C)  concept of self 
D)  theory of mind 
A)  analogical reasoning 
B)  communication 
C)  concept of self 
D)  theory of mind

Question 6

A(n)_____ problem is one in which individuals are not aware that they are close to a solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  incubation 
B)  insight 
C)  non-insight 
D)  set 
A)  incubation 
B)  insight 
C)  non-insight 
D)  set

Question 7

List three ways to acquire new problem-solving operators.

Accepted Answer

By discovery,by bein

Question 8

Kotovsky and colleagues (1985)studied the way individuals approach the Tower of Hanoi problem.They found that participants:

Accepted Answer

A)  adopted the backup-avoidance strategy. 
B)  adopted the difference-reduction strategy. 
C)  initially adopted the backup-avoidance strategy,then switched to a means-ends strategy. 
D)  initially adopted the difference-reduction strategy,then switched to a means-ends strategy. 
A)  adopted the backup-avoidance strategy. 
B)  adopted the difference-reduction strategy. 
C)  initially adopted the backup-avoidance strategy,then switched to a means-ends strategy. 
D)  initially adopted the difference-reduction strategy,then switched to a means-ends strategy.

Question 9

How did Sarah,Premack's chimpanzee,respond to analogies?

Accepted Answer

Sarah was able to solve verbal

Question 10

_____ refers to an action that will transform the problem state into another problem state.

Accepted Answer

A)  Goal state 
B)  Operator 
C)  Search 
D)  State 
A)  Goal state 
B)  Operator 
C)  Search 
D)  State

Question 11

_____ is/are better for learning problem-solving operators.

Accepted Answer

A)  Abstract instruction 
B)  Direct instruction 
C)  Examples 
D)  Either abstract instruction or direct instruction 
A)  Abstract instruction 
B)  Direct instruction 
C)  Examples 
D)  Either abstract instruction or direct instruction

Question 12

Chimpanzees are capable of solving analogies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The _____ cortex plays a major role in the overall organization of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  parietal 
B)  prefrontal 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  temporal 
A)  parietal 
B)  prefrontal 
C)  sensorimotor 
D)  temporal

Question 14

Luchins's (1942)study of his water jug problems uncovered what would later be known as the _____ effect or the mechanization of thought phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A)  rote memory 
B)  Einstellung 
C)  quo vadis 
D)  introspection 
A)  rote memory 
B)  Einstellung 
C)  quo vadis 
D)  introspection

Question 15

The _____ plays a critical role in maintaining goal structures.

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  nucleus accumbens 
D)  prefrontal cortex 
A)  basal ganglia 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  nucleus accumbens 
D)  prefrontal cortex

Question 16

How is means-ends analysis similar to difference reduction?

Accepted Answer

Means-ends analysis is similar

Question 17

The population for which there is NO evidence of difficulty solving two-dimensional analogy problems is:

Accepted Answer

A)  patients with frontal lobe damage. 
B)  Korsakoff's syndrome patients. 
C)  children younger than 5 years. 
D)  nonhuman primates. 
A)  patients with frontal lobe damage. 
B)  Korsakoff's syndrome patients. 
C)  children younger than 5 years. 
D)  nonhuman primates.

Question 18

Which is NOT a feature of problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A)  goal directedness 
B)  goal-space search 
C)  operator application 
D)  subgoal decomposition 
A)  goal directedness 
B)  goal-space search 
C)  operator application 
D)  subgoal decomposition

Question 19

One of the major prerequisites to developing complex goal structures is the ability to maintain these goal structures in _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  prefrontal 
B)  long-term 
C)  short-term 
D)  working 
A)  prefrontal 
B)  long-term 
C)  short-term 
D)  working

Question 20

What is an insight problem?

Accepted Answer

An insight problem i

_____ is the process by which the solver uses the operators of one problem to solve another.

Humans tend to select the non-repeating operator that MOST reduces the difference between the current state and the goal.This is referred to as:

Silveira's (1971)experiment in which she employed the cheap-necklace problem demonstrates the importance of which problem-solving phenomenon?

What are incubation effects?

According to Halford (1992),what is the hallmark of human cognition?

A(n)_____ problem is one in which individuals are not aware that they are close to a solution.

List three ways to acquire new problem-solving operators.

Kotovsky and colleagues (1985)studied the way individuals approach the Tower of Hanoi problem.They found that participants:

How did Sarah,Premack's chimpanzee,respond to analogies?

_____ refers to an action that will transform the problem state into another problem state.

_____ is/are better for learning problem-solving operators.

Chimpanzees are capable of solving analogies.

The _____ cortex plays a major role in the overall organization of behavior.

Luchins's (1942)study of his water jug problems uncovered what would later be known as the _____ effect or the mechanization of thought phenomenon.

The _____ plays a critical role in maintaining goal structures.

How is means-ends analysis similar to difference reduction?

The population for which there is NO evidence of difficulty solving two-dimensional analogy problems is:

Which is NOT a feature of problem solving?

One of the major prerequisites to developing complex goal structures is the ability to maintain these goal structures in _____ memory.

What is an insight problem?

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Expertise

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters

Exam 8: Problem Solving

_____ is the process by which the solver uses the operators of one problem to solve another.

Humans tend to select the non-repeating operator that MOST reduces the difference between the current state and the goal.This is referred to as:

Silveira's (1971)experiment in which she employed the cheap-necklace problem demonstrates the importance of which problem-solving phenomenon?

What are incubation effects?

According to Halford (1992),what is the hallmark of human cognition?

A(n)_____ problem is one in which individuals are not aware that they are close to a solution.

List three ways to acquire new problem-solving operators.

Kotovsky and colleagues (1985)studied the way individuals approach the Tower of Hanoi problem.They found that participants:

How did Sarah,Premack's chimpanzee,respond to analogies?

_____ refers to an action that will transform the problem state into another problem state.

_____ is/are better for learning problem-solving operators.

Chimpanzees are capable of solving analogies.

The _____ cortex plays a major role in the overall organization of behavior.

Luchins's (1942)study of his water jug problems uncovered what would later be known as the _____ effect or the mechanization of thought phenomenon.

The _____ plays a critical role in maintaining goal structures.

How is means-ends analysis similar to difference reduction?

The population for which there is NO evidence of difficulty solving two-dimensional analogy problems is:

Which is NOT a feature of problem solving?

One of the major prerequisites to developing complex goal structures is the ability to maintain these goal structures in _____ memory.

What is an insight problem?

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Expertise

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters