Question 1

Why do colds cause us to lose some of our appreciation for the taste of food?

Accepted Answer

A) The symptoms of colds interfere with the stimuli reaching the taste bud receptors,thus dulling the perception of taste. 
B) The symptoms of colds prevent stimuli from reaching olfactory neurons efficiently,thus dulling the perception of taste. 
C) Cold viruses raise the firing threshold of olfactory neurons,thus dulling the perception of taste. 
D) Cold viruses lower the firing threshold of olfactory neurons,thus dulling the perception of taste. 
E) Cold viruses denature olfactory neurons,thus dulling the perception of taste. 
A) The symptoms of colds interfere with the stimuli reaching the taste bud receptors,thus dulling the perception of taste. 
B) The symptoms of colds prevent stimuli from reaching olfactory neurons efficiently,thus dulling the perception of taste. 
C) Cold viruses raise the firing threshold of olfactory neurons,thus dulling the perception of taste. 
D) Cold viruses lower the firing threshold of olfactory neurons,thus dulling the perception of taste. 
E) Cold viruses denature olfactory neurons,thus dulling the perception of taste.

Question 2

Why does calcium not bind to calmodulin in an nonstimulated cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Calmodulin's affinity for calcium ions is too low to allow binding in an nonstimulated cell. 
B) Calmodulin's affinity for calcium ions is too high to allow binding in an nonstimulated cell. 
C) In an nonstimulated cell,calcium ions are destroyed. 
D) In an nonstimulated cell,calcium ions are produced. 
E) In an nonstimulated cell,calcium ions preferentially bind to another protein in the cytosol. 
A) Calmodulin's affinity for calcium ions is too low to allow binding in an nonstimulated cell. 
B) Calmodulin's affinity for calcium ions is too high to allow binding in an nonstimulated cell. 
C) In an nonstimulated cell,calcium ions are destroyed. 
D) In an nonstimulated cell,calcium ions are produced. 
E) In an nonstimulated cell,calcium ions preferentially bind to another protein in the cytosol.

Question 3

Why are G-protein coupled receptors often known as 7TM receptors?

Accepted Answer

A) They have 7 tyrosine-methionine dipeptides in their structure. 
B) They have 7 transmembrane $\beta$-pleated sheets. 
C) They have 7 transmembrane $\alpha$--helices. 
D) They have 7 methionine-tryptophan dipeptides in their structure. 
E) They have 7 nucleotides attached to their structure. 
A) They have 7 tyrosine-methionine dipeptides in their structure. 
B) They have 7 transmembrane $\beta$-pleated sheets. 
C) They have 7 transmembrane $\alpha$--helices. 
D) They have 7 methionine-tryptophan dipeptides in their structure. 
E) They have 7 nucleotides attached to their structure.

Question 4

Accessory proteins that bind to inactive monomeric G proteins and stimulate dissociation of the bound GDP are called:

Accepted Answer

A) GAPs 
B) GEFs 
C) GDIs 
D) RASps 
E) MAPs 
A) GAPs 
B) GEFs 
C) GDIs 
D) RASps 
E) MAPs

Question 5

What kinds of responses are not initiated when signals traveling down signaling pathways reach their target proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) a change in gene expression 
B) a change in ion permeability 
C) cessation of DNA synthesis and degradation of DNA 
D) the death of the cell 
E) an alteration of the activity of metabolic enzymes 
A) a change in gene expression 
B) a change in ion permeability 
C) cessation of DNA synthesis and degradation of DNA 
D) the death of the cell 
E) an alteration of the activity of metabolic enzymes

Question 6

_________ are enzymes that phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues on protein substrates.

Accepted Answer

A) Protein tyrosinases 
B) Protein-tyrosine kinases 
C) Tyrosine pronases 
D) Proteokinases 
E) Tyrokinases 
A) Protein tyrosinases 
B) Protein-tyrosine kinases 
C) Tyrosine pronases 
D) Proteokinases 
E) Tyrokinases

Question 7

To which amino acid is nitric oxide added,altering the activity,turnover and/or interactions of proteins like hemoglobin,Ras,ryanodine channels and caspases?

Accepted Answer

A) alanine 
B) cysteine 
C) methionine 
D) asparagine 
E) phenylalanine 
A) alanine 
B) cysteine 
C) methionine 
D) asparagine 
E) phenylalanine

Question 8

Which amino acids are known to be phosphorylated by protein kinases?

Accepted Answer

A) tyrosine,threonine,glycine 
B) threonine,serine,tryptophan 
C) serine,threonine,tyrosine 
D) phenylalanine,serine,tyrosine 
E) serine,leucine,tyrosine 
A) tyrosine,threonine,glycine 
B) threonine,serine,tryptophan 
C) serine,threonine,tyrosine 
D) phenylalanine,serine,tyrosine 
E) serine,leucine,tyrosine

Question 9

Which of the following processes is not regulated by eicosanoids?

Accepted Answer

A) pain 
B) inflammation 
C) blood pressure 
D) blood clotting 
E) neurotransmission 
A) pain 
B) inflammation 
C) blood pressure 
D) blood clotting 
E) neurotransmission

Question 10

Sometimes an enzyme is activated by a receptor and brings about the cellular response by generating a second messenger.Such an enzyme is called a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A) activator 
B) effector 
C) affector 
D) refractor 
E) generator 
A) activator 
B) effector 
C) affector 
D) refractor 
E) generator

Question 11

The overall process by which information carried by extracellular messenger molecules is translated into changes that occur inside the cell is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) signal digestion 
B) signal destruction 
C) signal interaction 
D) signal transduction 
E) signal induction 
A) signal digestion 
B) signal destruction 
C) signal interaction 
D) signal transduction 
E) signal induction

Question 12

Which statement below is an accurate description of receptor-mediated dimerization?

Accepted Answer

A) Ligands act as allosteric regulators that turn on the ability of their receptors to form dimers. 
B) Ligands act as allosteric inhibitors that turn on the ability of their receptors to form dimers. 
C) Ligands act as allosteric inhibitors that turn off the ability of their receptors to form dimers. 
D) Ligands act as allosteric regulators that turn off the ability of their receptors to form dimers. 
E) Ligands act as bridging factors that allow the receptors to dimerize. 
A) Ligands act as allosteric regulators that turn on the ability of their receptors to form dimers. 
B) Ligands act as allosteric inhibitors that turn on the ability of their receptors to form dimers. 
C) Ligands act as allosteric inhibitors that turn off the ability of their receptors to form dimers. 
D) Ligands act as allosteric regulators that turn off the ability of their receptors to form dimers. 
E) Ligands act as bridging factors that allow the receptors to dimerize.

Question 13

In order to begin desensitization,the ________ domain of the activated G protein-coupled receptor is phosphorylated by a specific enzyme called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) extracellular,G protein-coupled receptor kinase 
B) extracellular,G protein-coupled receptor phosphatase 
C) cytoplasmic,G protein-coupled receptor kinase 
D) cytoplasmic,G protein-coupled receptor phosphatase 
E) extracellular,GRK 
A) extracellular,G protein-coupled receptor kinase 
B) extracellular,G protein-coupled receptor phosphatase 
C) cytoplasmic,G protein-coupled receptor kinase 
D) cytoplasmic,G protein-coupled receptor phosphatase 
E) extracellular,GRK

Question 14

What is the name of an extracellular messenger protein that is named for its ability to kill tumor cells and also serves as an apoptotic stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) tumor angiogenesis factor 
B) tumor death factor 
C) tumor necrosis factor 
D) necromancer factor 
E) tumorigenic factor 
A) tumor angiogenesis factor 
B) tumor death factor 
C) tumor necrosis factor 
D) necromancer factor 
E) tumorigenic factor

Question 15

Type I diabetes is caused by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) degradation of insulin in the bloodstream 
B) an inability to produce insulin 
C) a decrease in the ability of target cells for insulin to respond to the presence of the hormone 
D) insulin resistance 
E) an overproduction of insulin 
A) degradation of insulin in the bloodstream 
B) an inability to produce insulin 
C) a decrease in the ability of target cells for insulin to respond to the presence of the hormone 
D) insulin resistance 
E) an overproduction of insulin

Question 16

How does the immune system manage to avoid recognizing and attacking normal cells within the body?

Accepted Answer

A) The body never makes T lymphocytes that can react against normal cells within the body. 
B) T lymphocytes that have the ability to recognize normal cells within the body are eliminated by apoptosis early in the development of the immune system. 
C) Normal body cells are coated with a special secreted protective proteoglycan that prevents the immune system from attacking them. 
D) Normal body cells are coated with a special secreted protective glycoprotein that prevents the immune system from attacking them. 
E) Normal body cells are coated with a mixture of special secreted protective proteoglycans and glycoproteins that prevents the immune system from attacking them. 
A) The body never makes T lymphocytes that can react against normal cells within the body. 
B) T lymphocytes that have the ability to recognize normal cells within the body are eliminated by apoptosis early in the development of the immune system. 
C) Normal body cells are coated with a special secreted protective proteoglycan that prevents the immune system from attacking them. 
D) Normal body cells are coated with a special secreted protective glycoprotein that prevents the immune system from attacking them. 
E) Normal body cells are coated with a mixture of special secreted protective proteoglycans and glycoproteins that prevents the immune system from attacking them.

Question 17

Where are steroid receptors generally located and where do they bind the steroid hormone once it enters the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) They are located and bind the steroids in the cytoplasm. 
B) They are located and bind the steroids in the middle of the cell membrane. 
C) They are located and bind the steroids on the extracellular membrane surface. 
D) They are located and bind the steroids on the intracellular membrane surface. 
E) The receptors are located in the cytoplasm but they bind their ligands in the lysosomes. 
A) They are located and bind the steroids in the cytoplasm. 
B) They are located and bind the steroids in the middle of the cell membrane. 
C) They are located and bind the steroids on the extracellular membrane surface. 
D) They are located and bind the steroids on the intracellular membrane surface. 
E) The receptors are located in the cytoplasm but they bind their ligands in the lysosomes.

Question 18

A family of proteins homologous to the products of the CED-3 gene in C.elegans has been discovered in mammals.What is this family of proteins called?

Accepted Answer

A) capsidases 
B) caspases 
C) capsasins 
D) capsulases 
E) apoptases 
A) capsidases 
B) caspases 
C) capsasins 
D) capsulases 
E) apoptases

Question 19

GRKs are a small family of ________ protein kinases,most of which are localized to the _______ surface of the plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) serine-threonine,cytoplasmic 
B) serine-threonine,extracellular 
C) tyrosine,cytoplasmic 
D) tyrosine,extracellular 
E) serine-tyrosine,cytoplasmic 
A) serine-threonine,cytoplasmic 
B) serine-threonine,extracellular 
C) tyrosine,cytoplasmic 
D) tyrosine,extracellular 
E) serine-tyrosine,cytoplasmic

Question 20

What might cause a person to have an inability to detect a particular chemical in the environment that most other members of the population can perceive?

Accepted Answer

A) mutations is a specific gene encoding the odorant receptor for that particular chemical 
B) mutations in the genes for all odorant molecules 
C) mutations in the genes for G proteins 
D) mutations in the genes for neurotransmitters 
E) mutations in the gene for one neurotransmitter 
A) mutations is a specific gene encoding the odorant receptor for that particular chemical 
B) mutations in the genes for all odorant molecules 
C) mutations in the genes for G proteins 
D) mutations in the genes for neurotransmitters 
E) mutations in the gene for one neurotransmitter

Why do colds cause us to lose some of our appreciation for the taste of food?

Why does calcium not bind to calmodulin in an nonstimulated cell?

Why are G-protein coupled receptors often known as 7TM receptors?

Accessory proteins that bind to inactive monomeric G proteins and stimulate dissociation of the bound GDP are called:

What kinds of responses are not initiated when signals traveling down signaling pathways reach their target proteins?

_________ are enzymes that phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues on protein substrates.

To which amino acid is nitric oxide added,altering the activity,turnover and/or interactions of proteins like hemoglobin,Ras,ryanodine channels and caspases?

Which amino acids are known to be phosphorylated by protein kinases?

Which of the following processes is not regulated by eicosanoids?

Sometimes an enzyme is activated by a receptor and brings about the cellular response by generating a second messenger.Such an enzyme is called a(n)__________.

The overall process by which information carried by extracellular messenger molecules is translated into changes that occur inside the cell is called ___________.

Which statement below is an accurate description of receptor-mediated dimerization?

In order to begin desensitization,the domain of the activated G protein-coupled receptor is phosphorylated by a specific enzyme called a(n).

What is the name of an extracellular messenger protein that is named for its ability to kill tumor cells and also serves as an apoptotic stimulus?

Type I diabetes is caused by ________.

How does the immune system manage to avoid recognizing and attacking normal cells within the body?

Where are steroid receptors generally located and where do they bind the steroid hormone once it enters the cell?

A family of proteins homologous to the products of the CED-3 gene in C.elegans has been discovered in mammals.What is this family of proteins called?

GRKs are a small family of __ protein kinases,most of which are localized to the _ surface of the plasma membrane.

What might cause a person to have an inability to detect a particular chemical in the environment that most other members of the population can perceive?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 15: Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Why do colds cause us to lose some of our appreciation for the taste of food?

Why does calcium not bind to calmodulin in an nonstimulated cell?

Why are G-protein coupled receptors often known as 7TM receptors?

Accessory proteins that bind to inactive monomeric G proteins and stimulate dissociation of the bound GDP are called:

What kinds of responses are not initiated when signals traveling down signaling pathways reach their target proteins?

_________ are enzymes that phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues on protein substrates.

To which amino acid is nitric oxide added,altering the activity,turnover and/or interactions of proteins like hemoglobin,Ras,ryanodine channels and caspases?

Which amino acids are known to be phosphorylated by protein kinases?

Which of the following processes is not regulated by eicosanoids?

Sometimes an enzyme is activated by a receptor and brings about the cellular response by generating a second messenger.Such an enzyme is called a(n)__________.

The overall process by which information carried by extracellular messenger molecules is translated into changes that occur inside the cell is called ___________.

Which statement below is an accurate description of receptor-mediated dimerization?

In order to begin desensitization,the ________ domain of the activated G protein-coupled receptor is phosphorylated by a specific enzyme called a(n)________.

What is the name of an extracellular messenger protein that is named for its ability to kill tumor cells and also serves as an apoptotic stimulus?

Type I diabetes is caused by ________.

How does the immune system manage to avoid recognizing and attacking normal cells within the body?

Where are steroid receptors generally located and where do they bind the steroid hormone once it enters the cell?

A family of proteins homologous to the products of the CED-3 gene in C.elegans has been discovered in mammals.What is this family of proteins called?

GRKs are a small family of ________ protein kinases,most of which are localized to the _______ surface of the plasma membrane.

What might cause a person to have an inability to detect a particular chemical in the environment that most other members of the population can perceive?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

In order to begin desensitization,the domain of the activated G protein-coupled receptor is phosphorylated by a specific enzyme called a(n).

GRKs are a small family of __ protein kinases,most of which are localized to the _ surface of the plasma membrane.