Question 1

The reverse reaction of nucleic acid synthesis almost never happens.What prevents it?

Accepted Answer

A) The enzyme does not work in reverse. 
B) Polynucleotides are too stable to depolymerize. 
C) H bonds holding the strands together are too strong. 
D) Nucleic acid synthesis is coupled to the highly exergonic pyrophosphate hydrolysis. 
E) There is a large uptake of free energy. 
A) The enzyme does not work in reverse. 
B) Polynucleotides are too stable to depolymerize. 
C) H bonds holding the strands together are too strong. 
D) Nucleic acid synthesis is coupled to the highly exergonic pyrophosphate hydrolysis. 
E) There is a large uptake of free energy.

Question 2

The macromolecular complex that associates with each intron and splices it is called a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A) splicer 
B) acrosome 
C) spliceosome 
D) splicing body 
E) splice engine 
A) splicer 
B) acrosome 
C) spliceosome 
D) splicing body 
E) splice engine

Question 3

Once the $\sigma$ factor leaves the core enzyme,what happens?

Accepted Answer

A) Transcription begins. 
B) The core enzyme continues synthesis. 
C) The core enzyme discontinues synthesis. 
D) Transcription terminates. 
E) The core enzyme backs up 25 nucleotides. 
A) Transcription begins. 
B) The core enzyme continues synthesis. 
C) The core enzyme discontinues synthesis. 
D) Transcription terminates. 
E) The core enzyme backs up 25 nucleotides.

Question 4

While RNA polymerase is a processive enzyme that remains attached to the DNA over long stretches of template,it must be associated _______ enough so that it can move from nucleotide to nucleotide along the template.

Accepted Answer

A) tightly 
B) loosely 
C) angularly 
D) rapidly 
E) linearly 
A) tightly 
B) loosely 
C) angularly 
D) rapidly 
E) linearly

Question 5

Two-thirds of the human genome is normally transcribed to RNA,but only 10% is believed to encode for proteins.How can this discrepancy be explained?

Accepted Answer

The human transcriptome (the collection

Question 6

A space probe brings back a new life form.It is carbon-based and its genetic material is similar to Earth DNA except that it uses 6 different nucleotide bases instead of 4.Its proteins are also similar to those on Earth,but there are 28 amino acids instead of 20.You hypothesize about the genetic code for this organism.How many "letters" would you propose in each codon of the genetic code for this organism? The code should be unambiguous and may be degenerate.

Accepted Answer

Since there are 36 possible co

Question 7

What amino acid is converted to selenocysteine after its attachment to its tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) serine 
B) alanine 
C) phenylalanine 
D) cysteine 
E) cystine 
A) serine 
B) alanine 
C) phenylalanine 
D) cysteine 
E) cystine

Question 8

What is the presumed function of the siRNAs produced by mammalian oocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) They aid in fertilization. 
B) They may be the mechanism of defense against the movement of transposable elements in the female germ cell line. 
C) They may be the mechanism of defense against the movement of chromosomes in the female germ cell line. 
D) They play a role in the regulation of meiosis. 
E) They play a role in the regulation of oogenesis. 
A) They aid in fertilization. 
B) They may be the mechanism of defense against the movement of transposable elements in the female germ cell line. 
C) They may be the mechanism of defense against the movement of chromosomes in the female germ cell line. 
D) They play a role in the regulation of meiosis. 
E) They play a role in the regulation of oogenesis.

Question 9

The CRISPR-cas9 system uses ___ as a template to locate and cleave ____ targets.

Accepted Answer

A) siRNA,DNA 
B) siRNA,RNA 
C) dsDNA,RNA 
D) sgRNA,RNA 
E) sgRNA,DNA 
A) siRNA,DNA 
B) siRNA,RNA 
C) dsDNA,RNA 
D) sgRNA,RNA 
E) sgRNA,DNA

Question 10

Which of the following is not required for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) All of the various tRNAs with their attached amino acids 
B) Ribosomes 
C) mRNA 
D) anions 
E) GTP 
A) All of the various tRNAs with their attached amino acids 
B) Ribosomes 
C) mRNA 
D) anions 
E) GTP

Question 11

Which bacterial initiation factor facilitates attachment of the 30S subunit to the mRNA and may prevent the aminoacyl-tRNA from entering the wrong site on the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A) IF2 
B) IF1 
C) IF3 
D) eIF2 
E) IF4 
A) IF2 
B) IF1 
C) IF3 
D) eIF2 
E) IF4

Question 12

You are looking at an electron micrograph of several transcriptional units for rRNA.How can you tell where the transcription initiation site is?

Accepted Answer

A) It is near the longest nascent transcripts. 
B) It is near the middle of the Christmas tree. 
C) It is near the shortest nascent transcripts. 
D) It is always 40 µm from the center of the Christmas tree. 
E) It is near the centromere. 
A) It is near the longest nascent transcripts. 
B) It is near the middle of the Christmas tree. 
C) It is near the shortest nascent transcripts. 
D) It is always 40 µm from the center of the Christmas tree. 
E) It is near the centromere.

Question 13

RNAi or dsRNA-mediated RNA interference is an example of a broader phenomenon that occurs widely in eukaryotes called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) RNA activation 
B) RNA ascension 
C) RNA silencing 
D) RNA sussuration 
E) RNA quieting 
A) RNA activation 
B) RNA ascension 
C) RNA silencing 
D) RNA sussuration 
E) RNA quieting

Question 14

Where is the pre-miRNA converted to miRNA by Dicer?

Accepted Answer

A) the nucleus 
B) the cytoplasm 
C) the mitochondria 
D) the plasma membrane 
E) the lysosome 
A) the nucleus 
B) the cytoplasm 
C) the mitochondria 
D) the plasma membrane 
E) the lysosome

Question 15

How do the unusual bases of the loops in tRNA influence tRNA structure?

Accepted Answer

A) They disrupt H bond formation in the loop regions causing the loops to form. 
B) They bind to proteins that hold the loops open. 
C) They disrupt hydrophobic interactions in the loop regions causing the loops to form. 
D) They prevent van der Waals interactions which prevents loop formation. 
E) They disrupt H bond formation which causes complementary pairing in the stem regions. 
A) They disrupt H bond formation in the loop regions causing the loops to form. 
B) They bind to proteins that hold the loops open. 
C) They disrupt hydrophobic interactions in the loop regions causing the loops to form. 
D) They prevent van der Waals interactions which prevents loop formation. 
E) They disrupt H bond formation which causes complementary pairing in the stem regions.

Question 16

A tRNA has an anticodon with the sequence 3'-UAC-5'.What would be the sequence of the complementary codon? For the moment do not consider the wobble hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) 3'-UAC-5' 
B) 3'-AUG-5' 
C) 5'-AUG-3' 
D) 5'-AUC-3' 
E) 5'-ATG-3' 
A) 3'-UAC-5' 
B) 3'-AUG-5' 
C) 5'-AUG-3' 
D) 5'-AUC-3' 
E) 5'-ATG-3'

Question 17

The site on DNA to which RNA polymerases bind before initiating transcription is called the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) terminator 
B) operator 
C) promoter 
D) enhancer 
E) silencer 
A) terminator 
B) operator 
C) promoter 
D) enhancer 
E) silencer

Question 18

Which of the following binds to the TATA box?

Accepted Answer

A) CTD 
B) tRNA 
C) corticosteroid binding protein 
D) TBP 
E) PBT 
A) CTD 
B) tRNA 
C) corticosteroid binding protein 
D) TBP 
E) PBT

Question 19

What is the significance of the variability of the third nucleotide in a codon?

Accepted Answer

A) Each tRNA can recognize and bind its own codon. 
B) Each tRNA can recognize and bind its own amino acid. 
C) The same tRNA can recognize more than one codon. 
D) The same tRNA can recognize more than one anticodon. 
E) The same anticodon can recognize more than one amino acid. 
A) Each tRNA can recognize and bind its own codon. 
B) Each tRNA can recognize and bind its own amino acid. 
C) The same tRNA can recognize more than one codon. 
D) The same tRNA can recognize more than one anticodon. 
E) The same anticodon can recognize more than one amino acid.

Question 20

A sense RNA for a particular targeted protein is ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) an RNA having a sequence complementary to the mRNA of the targeted protein 
B) an RNA having the sequence of the mRNA that encoded the protein being targeted 
C) a small RNA with a clover shape 
D) an RNA with catalytic activity 
E) an RNA generally found in ribosomes that forges the peptide bond 
A) an RNA having a sequence complementary to the mRNA of the targeted protein 
B) an RNA having the sequence of the mRNA that encoded the protein being targeted 
C) a small RNA with a clover shape 
D) an RNA with catalytic activity 
E) an RNA generally found in ribosomes that forges the peptide bond

The reverse reaction of nucleic acid synthesis almost never happens.What prevents it?

The macromolecular complex that associates with each intron and splices it is called a(n)_____.

Once the $\sigma$ factor leaves the core enzyme,what happens?

While RNA polymerase is a processive enzyme that remains attached to the DNA over long stretches of template,it must be associated _______ enough so that it can move from nucleotide to nucleotide along the template.

Two-thirds of the human genome is normally transcribed to RNA,but only 10% is believed to encode for proteins.How can this discrepancy be explained?

What amino acid is converted to selenocysteine after its attachment to its tRNA?

What is the presumed function of the siRNAs produced by mammalian oocytes?

The CRISPR-cas9 system uses _ as a template to locate and cleave __ targets.

Which of the following is not required for protein synthesis?

Which bacterial initiation factor facilitates attachment of the 30S subunit to the mRNA and may prevent the aminoacyl-tRNA from entering the wrong site on the ribosome?

You are looking at an electron micrograph of several transcriptional units for rRNA.How can you tell where the transcription initiation site is?

RNAi or dsRNA-mediated RNA interference is an example of a broader phenomenon that occurs widely in eukaryotes called __________.

Where is the pre-miRNA converted to miRNA by Dicer?

How do the unusual bases of the loops in tRNA influence tRNA structure?

A tRNA has an anticodon with the sequence 3'-UAC-5'.What would be the sequence of the complementary codon? For the moment do not consider the wobble hypothesis.

The site on DNA to which RNA polymerases bind before initiating transcription is called the ______.

Which of the following binds to the TATA box?

What is the significance of the variability of the third nucleotide in a codon?

A sense RNA for a particular targeted protein is ___________.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 11: Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

The reverse reaction of nucleic acid synthesis almost never happens.What prevents it?

The macromolecular complex that associates with each intron and splices it is called a(n)_____.

Once the σ\sigmaσ factor leaves the core enzyme,what happens?

While RNA polymerase is a processive enzyme that remains attached to the DNA over long stretches of template,it must be associated _______ enough so that it can move from nucleotide to nucleotide along the template.

Two-thirds of the human genome is normally transcribed to RNA,but only 10% is believed to encode for proteins.How can this discrepancy be explained?

What amino acid is converted to selenocysteine after its attachment to its tRNA?

What is the presumed function of the siRNAs produced by mammalian oocytes?

The CRISPR-cas9 system uses ___ as a template to locate and cleave ____ targets.

Which of the following is not required for protein synthesis?

Which bacterial initiation factor facilitates attachment of the 30S subunit to the mRNA and may prevent the aminoacyl-tRNA from entering the wrong site on the ribosome?

You are looking at an electron micrograph of several transcriptional units for rRNA.How can you tell where the transcription initiation site is?

RNAi or dsRNA-mediated RNA interference is an example of a broader phenomenon that occurs widely in eukaryotes called __________.

Where is the pre-miRNA converted to miRNA by Dicer?

How do the unusual bases of the loops in tRNA influence tRNA structure?

A tRNA has an anticodon with the sequence 3'-UAC-5'.What would be the sequence of the complementary codon? For the moment do not consider the wobble hypothesis.

The site on DNA to which RNA polymerases bind before initiating transcription is called the ______.

Which of the following binds to the TATA box?

What is the significance of the variability of the third nucleotide in a codon?

A sense RNA for a particular targeted protein is ___________.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Once the $\sigma$ factor leaves the core enzyme,what happens?

The CRISPR-cas9 system uses _ as a template to locate and cleave __ targets.