Exam 1: An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

If chimpanzee and human genomes differ only about 1.3% at the level of DNA base pairs, how might we explain the dramatic differences in appearance, behavior, cultures, and so on between humans and chimps?

In the figure below, the lighter gray circles represent single-male breeding systems in primates and the darker gray circles indicate multi-male systems. Which of the following statements is consistent with these data?

Why do physicians often prescribe antibiotics in combination?

Looking at the figure, predict what will happen if a new antibiotic to the food poisoning bacteria Campylobacter jejuni is developed and prescribed heavily by physicians, beginning this year. Date introduced-date resistance first observed

A branching tree showing historical relationships among species is known as a(n)

Mathematical models are useful for

A comparison of gene clusters in humans and chimps from Tarjei Mikkelsen and colleagues revealed that some types of genes were evolving particularly rapidly. Name one type of gene cluster that they found to evolve rapidly and explain why you think it shows this type of evolution.

Sources for the data that evolutionary biologists use to test their hypotheses are derived from many subdisciplines of the biological sciences. Identify the five data sources shown in the photographs. A B C D E

Sir Ronald A. Fisher's sex ratio model predicts a 1:1 female:male sex ratio. Under what conditions might you expect a different ratio to evolve?

More than 100 years ago, Charles Darwin and his colleague Thomas Huxley hypothesized that humans share a common ancestor, based on

Sir Ronald A. Fisher's prediction that sex ratios should be 1:1 relies on the principle that

Darwin's theory of evolution provided explanations for all of the following EXCEPT

Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection is considered a paradigm shift-a theory that has wide-ranging effects. Describe another paradigm shift that has occurred in biology. Make a case for why this shift has fundamentally changed the way scientists see the world and the sorts of questions they ask.

What is evolutionary biology?

Which of the following best summarizes the process of evolution by natural selection?

Which process is demonstrated in the figure shown?

How has artificial selection been used to shape the characteristics of food-producing plants?

In which of the following scenarios are models being used to make predictions and plan for the future?

During the observations of a species of blue moon butterflies on the Samoan island of Upolu, 99% of the butterflies were female and only 1% were male. Only five years later the male:female sex ratio was 1:1. What caused this?

What are the two major types of empirical research in evolutionary biology?