Exam 7: Learning

The predictability rather than the frequency of CS-US associations appears to be crucial for classical conditioning. This highlights the importance of ________ in conditioning.

Last year, Dr. Moritano cleaned Natacha's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each of a series of painful rabies vaccination shots. Which of the following processes accounts for the fact that Natacha currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol?

Like European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews from the Nazis, civil rights activists of the 1960s had parents who

In Pavlov's experiments, the taste of food triggered the dog's salivation. Salivation to the taste of food was a(n)

A learned association between behaviors and resulting events is central to

B. F. Skinner recommended that we control behavior with ________ rather than with ________.

(a) How would you classically condition an adventuresome 2-year-old to be more fearful of running across a busy street near her house? (b) How would you classically condition a preschool child who is afraid of dogs to enjoy playing with a neighbor's friendly dog? Be sure to identify the US, NS, CS, UR, and CR in both answers.

Punishment is a potentially hazardous way for teachers to control young children's behaviors because

Pavlov is to ________ as Skinner is to ________.

John B. Watson believed that psychology should be the science of

The fact that learning can occur without reinforcement is most clearly demonstrated by studies of

Mr. Zandee has stopped smoking because he wants to model healthy behavior patterns for his children. Mr. Zandee is apparently aware of the importance of ________ in his children's development.

A pigeon is consistently reinforced with food for pecking a key after seeing an image of a human face, but not reinforced for pecking after seeing other images. By signaling that a pecking response will be reinforced, the image of a human face is a(n)

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate

Jacinda has a glass of wine after work because it relieves her anxiety. Her wine drinking is likely to continue because it is followed by a ________ reinforcer.

Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcer?

Which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during extinction?

Coffee shops that reward customers with a free cup of coffee after every 10 coffee purchases are using a ________ reinforcement schedule.

Some of Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of one particular tone and not to other tones. This illustrates the process of

The stage of classical conditioning when a neutral stimulus first begins triggering a conditioned response is called