Question 1

To obtain a reward, a monkey learns to press a lever when a 1000-Hz tone is on but not when a 1200-Hz tone is on. What kind of training is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction 
B)  generalization 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  discrimination 
A)  extinction 
B)  generalization 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  discrimination

Question 2

A cognitive map is a

Accepted Answer

A)  mental representation of one's environment. 
B)  sequence of thought processes leading from one idea to another. 
C)  set of instructions detailing the most effective means of teaching a particular concept. 
D)  biological predisposition to learn a particular skill. 
A)  mental representation of one's environment. 
B)  sequence of thought processes leading from one idea to another. 
C)  set of instructions detailing the most effective means of teaching a particular concept. 
D)  biological predisposition to learn a particular skill.

Question 3

A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lakeshore property while they were eating a delicious, mouth-watering meal. Later, when Gavin was given a tour of the property, he drooled with delight. For Gavin, the lakeshore property was a

Accepted Answer

A)  US. 
B)  CS. 
C)  UR. 
D)  CR. 
A)  US. 
B)  CS. 
C)  UR. 
D)  CR.

Question 4

The views of learning advanced by Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson underestimated the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  cognitive processes. 
C)  associative learning. 
D)  discrimination. 
A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  cognitive processes. 
C)  associative learning. 
D)  discrimination.

Question 5

Inferring another's mental state is an ability known as

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  theory of mind. 
D)  modeling. 
A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  theory of mind. 
D)  modeling.

Question 6

Spontaneous recovery refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  expression of learning that had occurred earlier but had not been expressed because of lack of incentive. 
B)  organism's tendency to respond spontaneously to stimuli similar to the CS as though they were the CS. 
C)  return of a response after punishment has been terminated. 
D)  reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response. 
A)  expression of learning that had occurred earlier but had not been expressed because of lack of incentive. 
B)  organism's tendency to respond spontaneously to stimuli similar to the CS as though they were the CS. 
C)  return of a response after punishment has been terminated. 
D)  reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response.

Question 7

In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the tone was initially a(n) ________ stimulus; after it was paired with meat, it became a(n) ________ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned; neutral 
B)  neutral; conditioned 
C)  conditioned; unconditioned 
D)  unconditioned; conditioned 
A)  conditioned; neutral 
B)  neutral; conditioned 
C)  conditioned; unconditioned 
D)  unconditioned; conditioned

Question 8

On Monday, Johnny's mother gave him cookies and milk after he had played quietly for 10 minutes. On Tuesday, she required 20 minutes of quiet play before treat time. On Wednesday, she gave him cookies only after he played quietly for a full half hour. Johnny was taught to play quietly for extended periods through

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary reinforcement. 
B)  partial reinforcement. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  modeling. 
A)  secondary reinforcement. 
B)  partial reinforcement. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  modeling.

Question 9

You would be most likely to use operant conditioning to teach a dog to

Accepted Answer

A)  fear cars in the street. 
B)  dislike the taste of dead birds. 
C)  wag its tail whenever it is emotionally excited. 
D)  retrieve sticks and balls. 
A)  fear cars in the street. 
B)  dislike the taste of dead birds. 
C)  wag its tail whenever it is emotionally excited. 
D)  retrieve sticks and balls.

Question 10

A word of praise is to a soothing back rub as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed reinforcer; immediate reinforcer 
B)  operant conditioning; classical conditioning 
C)  partial reinforcement; continuous reinforcement 
D)  conditioned reinforcer; primary reinforcer 
A)  delayed reinforcer; immediate reinforcer 
B)  operant conditioning; classical conditioning 
C)  partial reinforcement; continuous reinforcement 
D)  conditioned reinforcer; primary reinforcer

Question 11

To quickly teach a dog to roll over on command, you would be best advised to use

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning rather than operant conditioning. 
B)  partial reinforcement rather than continuous reinforcement. 
C)  immediate reinforcers rather than delayed reinforcers. 
D)  negative reinforcers rather than positive reinforcers. 
A)  classical conditioning rather than operant conditioning. 
B)  partial reinforcement rather than continuous reinforcement. 
C)  immediate reinforcers rather than delayed reinforcers. 
D)  negative reinforcers rather than positive reinforcers.

Question 12

Every time he drinks, Boris has a painful hangover the morning after. But he continues to drink because just a couple of drinks begin to reduce his anxiety. Boris' continued drinking illustrates the power of

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  immediate reinforcement. 
A)  generalization. 
B)  spontaneous recovery. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  immediate reinforcement.

Question 13

Many psychologists have criticized Skinner for discounting the influence of ________ on behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  associative learning 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  private thought processes 
A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  associative learning 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  private thought processes

Question 14

A choppy stop-start pattern of operant responding is associated with the ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval

Question 15

The process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired behavior is called

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization. 
B)  intermittent reinforcement. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  secondary reinforcement. 
A)  generalization. 
B)  intermittent reinforcement. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  secondary reinforcement.

Question 16

A stimulus that acquires reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer is called a ________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed 
B)  negative 
C)  partial 
D)  conditioned 
A)  delayed 
B)  negative 
C)  partial 
D)  conditioned

Question 17

Birds appear to be biologically predisposed to develop aversions to the ________ of tainted food.

Accepted Answer

A)  taste 
B)  smell 
C)  sight 
D)  sound 
A)  taste 
B)  smell 
C)  sight 
D)  sound

Question 18

Experiments suggest that children exposed to a model who says one thing and does another will

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore both what the model says and does. 
B)  ignore what the model does but talk in ways consistent with what the model says. 
C)  ignore what the model says but act in ways consistent with what the model does. 
D)  talk in ways consistent with what the model says and act in ways consistent with what the model does. 
A)  ignore both what the model says and does. 
B)  ignore what the model does but talk in ways consistent with what the model says. 
C)  ignore what the model says but act in ways consistent with what the model does. 
D)  talk in ways consistent with what the model says and act in ways consistent with what the model does.

Question 19

Some psychologists believe that rats develop mental representations of mazes they have explored. These representations are called

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcers. 
B)  operant chambers. 
C)  discriminative stimuli. 
D)  cognitive maps. 
A)  primary reinforcers. 
B)  operant chambers. 
C)  discriminative stimuli. 
D)  cognitive maps.

Question 20

An organism's ability to mentally anticipate that a US will follow a CS is most likely to be highlighted by a(n) ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary 
B)  behaviorist 
C)  cognitive 
D)  neuroscience 
A)  evolutionary 
B)  behaviorist 
C)  cognitive 
D)  neuroscience

To obtain a reward, a monkey learns to press a lever when a 1000-Hz tone is on but not when a 1200-Hz tone is on. What kind of training is this?

A cognitive map is a

A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lakeshore property while they were eating a delicious, mouth-watering meal. Later, when Gavin was given a tour of the property, he drooled with delight. For Gavin, the lakeshore property was a

The views of learning advanced by Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson underestimated the importance of

Inferring another's mental state is an ability known as

Spontaneous recovery refers to the

In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the tone was initially a(n) stimulus; after it was paired with meat, it became a(n) stimulus.

You would be most likely to use operant conditioning to teach a dog to

A word of praise is to a soothing back rub as is to .

To quickly teach a dog to roll over on command, you would be best advised to use

Every time he drinks, Boris has a painful hangover the morning after. But he continues to drink because just a couple of drinks begin to reduce his anxiety. Boris' continued drinking illustrates the power of

Many psychologists have criticized Skinner for discounting the influence of ________ on behavior.

A choppy stop-start pattern of operant responding is associated with the ________ schedule of reinforcement.

The process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired behavior is called

A stimulus that acquires reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer is called a ________ reinforcer.

Birds appear to be biologically predisposed to develop aversions to the ________ of tainted food.

Experiments suggest that children exposed to a model who says one thing and does another will

Some psychologists believe that rats develop mental representations of mazes they have explored. These representations are called

An organism's ability to mentally anticipate that a US will follow a CS is most likely to be highlighted by a(n) ________ perspective.

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Behavior

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Developing Through the Life Span

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life

Psychology at Work

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Exam 7: Learning

To obtain a reward, a monkey learns to press a lever when a 1000-Hz tone is on but not when a 1200-Hz tone is on. What kind of training is this?

A cognitive map is a

A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lakeshore property while they were eating a delicious, mouth-watering meal. Later, when Gavin was given a tour of the property, he drooled with delight. For Gavin, the lakeshore property was a

The views of learning advanced by Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson underestimated the importance of

Inferring another's mental state is an ability known as

Spontaneous recovery refers to the

In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the tone was initially a(n) ________ stimulus; after it was paired with meat, it became a(n) ________ stimulus.

You would be most likely to use operant conditioning to teach a dog to

A word of praise is to a soothing back rub as ________ is to ________.

To quickly teach a dog to roll over on command, you would be best advised to use

Every time he drinks, Boris has a painful hangover the morning after. But he continues to drink because just a couple of drinks begin to reduce his anxiety. Boris' continued drinking illustrates the power of

Many psychologists have criticized Skinner for discounting the influence of ________ on behavior.

A choppy stop-start pattern of operant responding is associated with the ________ schedule of reinforcement.

The process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired behavior is called

A stimulus that acquires reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer is called a ________ reinforcer.

Birds appear to be biologically predisposed to develop aversions to the ________ of tainted food.

Experiments suggest that children exposed to a model who says one thing and does another will

Some psychologists believe that rats develop mental representations of mazes they have explored. These representations are called

An organism's ability to mentally anticipate that a US will follow a CS is most likely to be highlighted by a(n) ________ perspective.

Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The Biology of Behavior

Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Developing Through the Life Span

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life

Psychology at Work

Filters

In Pavlov's original experiment with dogs, the tone was initially a(n) stimulus; after it was paired with meat, it became a(n) stimulus.

A word of praise is to a soothing back rub as is to .