Exam 7: Learning

After a week at college, Su-Chuan has formed a mental representation of the layout of the campus and no longer gets lost. Su-Chuan has developed a

The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called

Observational learning was illustrated by a famous experiment involving

Primary reinforcers could best be described as

After recovering from a serious motorcycle accident, Gina was afraid to ride a motorcycle but not a bicycle. Gina's pattern of fear best illustrates

Alex was paid $100 for eight hours of work. The money was a(n)

The best evidence that animals develop cognitive maps comes from studies of

Children can learn to fear the persons and places associated with their punishment. This best illustrates

Antonio's football coach frequently yells at him for swearing. As a result, Antonio now experiences anxiety when he's near his coach. The coach is a(n) ________ for Antonio's anxiety.

Operant response rates remain highest when individuals anticipate that their behavior will actually lead to further reinforcement. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in operant conditioning.

Receiving money as a reward and having a monetary fine suspended are both ________ reinforcers.

When observing movie characters smoking, smokers' brains spontaneously simulate the act of smoking. This most likely can be attributed to

A psychologist would be most likely to use ________ to determine whether nonverbal organisms can perceive different colors.

The highest and most consistent rate of response is produced by a ________ schedule.

A positive reinforcer is anything that when ________ a response, strengthens the response.

Individually paced instruction that provides students with immediate positive feedback following their correct responses best illustrates an application of

Which of the following behaviors is typically reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule?

(a) Several days after drinking an excessive amount of alcohol, Kendra becomes nauseated simply by the smell of liquor. The sight of the half-empty liquor bottle from which she drank does not, however, upset her. What does Kendra's pattern of response indicate about the limits of associative learning? (b) If George is spanked immediately after his baby sister cries, he is likely to become fearful every time she cries. If Ken is spanked immediately before his baby sister cries, he is not likely to become fearful when she cries. What do the different reactions of George and Ken suggest about the role of cognitive processes in associative learning?

Paul and Michael sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Paul is paid $1.00 for every five calls he makes, while Michael is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells, regardless of the number of calls he makes. Paul's telephoning is reinforced on a ________ schedule, whereas Michael's is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be considered an important component of effective student instruction involving the use of interactive software?