Exam 7: Learning

Psychologists define learning as the process of

Money is to food as ________ is to ________.

On an intermittent reinforcement schedule, reinforcement is given

When Julie saw her brother being praised for cleaning his bedroom, she increasingly engaged in cleaning her own bedroom. This best illustrates the impact of

For operant conditioning to be most effective, when should the reinforcers be presented in relation to the desired response?

Janet has almost finished painting a neighbor's house, at which time she'll be paid $2000. The fact that she is increasingly unlikely to quit painting as she nears completion of the job best illustrates that operant behavior is strongly influenced by ________ reinforcers.

Which pioneering learning researcher highlighted the antisocial effects of aggressive models on children's behavior?

Positive reinforcers ________ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcers ________ the rate of operant responding.

Researchers discovered that the regions of the frontal lobe activated when a monkey moves peanuts to its own mouth are also activated when the monkey simply observes other monkeys move peanuts to their mouths. This discovery pointed to the significance of

After his mother smiles, Jimmy's request for a snack is reinforced. But if his mother is not smiling, his subsequent request for a snack is not reinforced. By indicating that Jimmy's request for a snack will be reinforced, the mother's smile is a

Mr. Schneider frequently tells his children that it is important to wash their hands before meals, but he rarely does so himself. Experiments suggest that his children will learn to

Innately satisfying stimuli that fulfill biological needs are called ________ reinforcers.

A negative reinforcer ________ the behavior it follows.

Nikki has learned to expect the sound of thunder whenever she sees a flash of lightning. This suggests that associative learning involves

An event that one of Pavlov's dogs could see or hear but did not associate with food was called a(n)

In explaining juvenile delinquency, B. F. Skinner would most likely have emphasized

Four-year-old Della asks her mother for a special treat every time they go to the grocery store. At first her mother granted every request, but now she does so less consistently. Research suggests that Della will

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed that his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of

Teachers who effectively shape their students' study habits are most likely to

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by