Question 1

Indicate which one of the following reactions results in a negative F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys.

Accepted Answer

A)  H2O(g) F3S3S3W1F1F1F10 H2O(s) 
B)  CaCO3(s) F3S3S3W1F1F1F10 CaO(s) + CO2(g) 
C)  CuSO4 · 5H2O(s) F3S3S3W1F1F1F10 CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(g) 
D)  14O2(g) + 3NH4NO3(s) + C10H22(   ) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 3N2(g) + 17H2O(g) + 10CO2(g) 
E)  CO2(aq) F3S3S3W1F1F1F10 CO2(g) 
A)  H2O(g) F3S3S3W1F1F1F10 H2O(s) 
B)  CaCO3(s) F3S3S3W1F1F1F10 CaO(s) + CO2(g) 
C)  CuSO4 · 5H2O(s) F3S3S3W1F1F1F10 CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(g) 
D)  14O2(g) + 3NH4NO3(s) + C10H22(   ) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 3N2(g) + 17H2O(g) + 10CO2(g) 
E)  CO2(aq) F3S3S3W1F1F1F10 CO2(g)

Question 2

The following figures represent distributions of two types of gas molecules between two containers connected by an open tube. In which figure is the entropy of the system maximized?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 3

At constant T and P, any reaction will be spontaneous if __________

Accepted Answer

A) 'F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys' > 0 B) 'F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys' sys" > 0 D) ' F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys" sys' < 0 A) 'F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys' > 0 B) 'F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys' sys" > 0 D) ' F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys" sys' < 0

Question 4

What are the signs of F1F1F1S1F1F1F10H°, F1F1F1S1F1F1F10S°, and F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G° for the conversion of liquid water to ice at 10°C and 1 atm? Briefly explain each answer.

Accepted Answer

F1F1F1S1F1F1F10H° is negative as heat m

Question 5

Which of the following are true for a reversible process at equilibrium?
(I)F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Suniv = 0
(II)F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys = 0
(III)F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys = 0

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and III only 
E)  I, II, and III are all true. 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and III only 
E)  I, II, and III are all true.

Question 6

Consider a closed container containing a 1 M solution of HCl above which is air that contains water vapor at its equilibrium vapor pressure. Assume the pressure of the air and water vapor is 1 bar and the temperature of the system is 298 K. Which of the following are in their thermodynamic standard state?
(I)The liquid water
(II)The HCl solution
(III)The water vapor

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II only 
E)  I, II, and III are all in their standard state. 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II only 
E)  I, II, and III are all in their standard state.

Question 7

Care must be taken when dissolving solid pellets of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water as the temperature of the water can rise dramatically. Taking NaOH as the system, what can you deduce about the signs of the entropy change of the system (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys) and surroundings (F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr) from this?

Accepted Answer

A)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys" surr" sys" surr" > 0 
C)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys" > 0 and "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr" sys" > 0 and "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr" > 0 
E)  Nothing can be deduced from this limited information. 
A)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys" surr" sys" surr" > 0 
C)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys" > 0 and "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr" sys" > 0 and "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr" > 0 
E)  Nothing can be deduced from this limited information.

Question 8

During a spontaneous chemical reaction, it is found that "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys" < 0. This means __________

Accepted Answer

A)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr" sys". 
B)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr"  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys". 
C)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr" > 0 and its magnitude is sys". 
D)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr" > 0 and its magnitude is > "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys". 
E)  an error has been made, as Ssys > 0 by necessity for a spontaneous process. 
A)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr" sys". 
B)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr"  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys". 
C)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr" > 0 and its magnitude is sys". 
D)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurr" > 0 and its magnitude is > "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys". 
E)  an error has been made, as Ssys > 0 by necessity for a spontaneous process.

Question 9

The change in standard molar entropy, F1F1F1S1F1F1F10SF1F1F1S1F1F1F10 for the following reaction is 494.6 J/mol · K at 25F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C.
2KClO3(s) F3S3S3W1F1F1F10 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
What is the standard molar entropy of O2(g) at 25F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C?
S°(KClO3, s)= 143.1 J/mol · K
S°(KCl, s)= 82.6 J/mol · K

Accepted Answer

Question 10

Which of the following statements about equilibrium are true?
(I)F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys = 0
(II)F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssys = 0
(III)F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Suniverse = 0

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  Both I and II 
E)  Both I and III 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  Both I and II 
E)  Both I and III

Question 11

An oxygen molecule can have several different modes of motions. One type of motion is __________

Accepted Answer

A)  kinetic energy. 
B)  potential energy. 
C)  vibrational. 
D)  elastic. 
E)  Boltzmann. 
A)  kinetic energy. 
B)  potential energy. 
C)  vibrational. 
D)  elastic. 
E)  Boltzmann.

Question 12

Processes are always spontaneous when __________ (H and S refer to the system).

Accepted Answer

A)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10H" > 0 and "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10S"  0 and "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10S" > 0 
D)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10H"  0 
E)  None of these is true, as temperature must always be taken into account. 
A)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10H" > 0 and "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10S"  0 and "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10S" > 0 
D)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10H"  0 
E)  None of these is true, as temperature must always be taken into account.

Question 13

Perfect crystals of carbon monoxide (CO) are difficult to prepare because the very small dipole moment allows a few molecules to align in a pattern like CO OC CO instead of CO CO CO. If such crystals were cooled to 0 K, what would be the value of their absolute entropy?

Accepted Answer

A)  > 0 
B)  = 0 
C)   0, = 0, or  0 or = 0, depending on how carefully it was cooled 
A)  > 0 
B)  = 0 
C)   0, = 0, or  0 or = 0, depending on how carefully it was cooled

Question 14

Which of the following states of motion have the highest number of occupied excited states at room temperature-rotational, vibrational, or translational?

Accepted Answer

A)  rotational 
B)  vibrational 
C)  translational 
D)  The number of occupied excited states is the same for the three modes of motion. 
E)  None of these, as excited states do not apply to these motions. 
A)  rotational 
B)  vibrational 
C)  translational 
D)  The number of occupied excited states is the same for the three modes of motion. 
E)  None of these, as excited states do not apply to these motions.

Question 15

Which of the processes A-D will lead to a positive change in the entropy of the system? If all of these processes lead to a positive change in the entropy of the system, select E.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium chloride crystals form as saltwater evaporates. 
B)  Helium gas escapes from the hole in a balloon. 
C)  Stalactites form in a cave. 
D)  Water freezes in a freezer. 
E)  All of these lead to a positive change in entropy of the system, as they are all spontaneous. 
A)  Sodium chloride crystals form as saltwater evaporates. 
B)  Helium gas escapes from the hole in a balloon. 
C)  Stalactites form in a cave. 
D)  Water freezes in a freezer. 
E)  All of these lead to a positive change in entropy of the system, as they are all spontaneous.

Question 16

Which of the following will have the greatest standard molar entropy (S°)?

Accepted Answer

A)  NH3(g) 
B)  He(g) 
C)  C(s, graphite) 
D)  H2O(   ) 
E)  CaCO3(s) 
A)  NH3(g) 
B)  He(g) 
C)  C(s, graphite) 
D)  H2O(   ) 
E)  CaCO3(s)

Question 17

The following figures represent distributions of gas molecules between two containers connected by an open tube. In which figure is the entropy of the system maximized?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 18

Which of the relationships A through D between the free energy change of a system and associated entropy changes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys" = +T "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssystem" 
B)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys" = -T "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssystem" 
C)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys" = +T "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Suniverse" 
D)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys" = -T "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurroundings" 
E)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys" = -T "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Suniverse" 
A)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys" = +T "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssystem" 
B)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys" = -T "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssystem" 
C)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys" = +T "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Suniverse" 
D)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys" = -T "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Ssurroundings" 
E)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Gsys" = -T "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10Suniverse"

Question 19

Which of the following graphs best depicts the entropy of a pure substance as the temperature is raised from its solid form through its liquid and gaseous forms?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Indicate which one of the following reactions results in a negative S_sys.

The following figures represent distributions of two types of gas molecules between two containers connected by an open tube. In which figure is the entropy of the system maximized?

At constant T and P, any reaction will be spontaneous if __________

What are the signs of H°, S°, and G° for the conversion of liquid water to ice at 10°C and 1 atm? Briefly explain each answer.

Which of the following are true for a reversible process at equilibrium? (I)S_univ = 0 (II)S_sys = 0 (III)G_sys = 0

Care must be taken when dissolving solid pellets of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water as the temperature of the water can rise dramatically. Taking NaOH as the system, what can you deduce about the signs of the entropy change of the system (S_sys) and surroundings (S_surr) from this?

During a spontaneous chemical reaction, it is found that "S_sys" < 0. This means __________

The change in standard molar entropy, S for the following reaction is 494.6 J/mol · K at 25C. 2KClO₃(s)  2KCl(s) + 3O₂(g) What is the standard molar entropy of O₂(g) at 25C? S°(KClO₃, s)= 143.1 J/mol · K S°(KCl, s)= 82.6 J/mol · K

Which of the following statements about equilibrium are true? (I)G_sys = 0 (II)S_sys = 0 (III)S_universe = 0

An oxygen molecule can have several different modes of motions. One type of motion is __________

Processes are always spontaneous when __________ (H and S refer to the system).

Perfect crystals of carbon monoxide (CO) are difficult to prepare because the very small dipole moment allows a few molecules to align in a pattern like CO OC CO instead of CO CO CO. If such crystals were cooled to 0 K, what would be the value of their absolute entropy?

Which of the following states of motion have the highest number of occupied excited states at room temperature-rotational, vibrational, or translational?

Which of the processes A-D will lead to a positive change in the entropy of the system? If all of these processes lead to a positive change in the entropy of the system, select E.

Which of the following will have the greatest standard molar entropy (S°)?

The following figures represent distributions of gas molecules between two containers connected by an open tube. In which figure is the entropy of the system maximized?

Which of the relationships A through D between the free energy change of a system and associated entropy changes is true?

Which of the following graphs best depicts the entropy of a pure substance as the temperature is raised from its solid form through its liquid and gaseous forms?

Matter, Energy, and the Origins of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Compounds

Chemical Reactions and Earths Composition

Solution Chemistry and the Hydrosphere

Thermochemistry

Properties of Gases: the Air We Breathe

Electrons in Atoms and Periodic Properties

Chemical Bonding and Climate Change

Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Forces Between Ions and Molecules

Solutions and Their Colligative Properties

The Chemistry of Solids

Organic Chemistry: Fuels, Pharmaceuticals, and Materials

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Equilibrium in the Aqueous Phase

The Colorful Chemistry of Metals

Electrochemistry and the Quest for Clean Energy

Biochemistry: the Compounds of Life

Nuclear Chemistry

Life and the Periodic Table

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Exam 14: Thermodynamics: Spontaneous Processes, Entropy, and Free Energy

Indicate which one of the following reactions results in a negative Ssys.

The following figures represent distributions of two types of gas molecules between two containers connected by an open tube. In which figure is the entropy of the system maximized?

At constant T and P, any reaction will be spontaneous if __________

What are the signs of H°, S°, and G° for the conversion of liquid water to ice at 10°C and 1 atm? Briefly explain each answer.

Which of the following are true for a reversible process at equilibrium? (I)Suniv = 0 (II)Ssys = 0 (III)Gsys = 0

Care must be taken when dissolving solid pellets of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water as the temperature of the water can rise dramatically. Taking NaOH as the system, what can you deduce about the signs of the entropy change of the system (Ssys) and surroundings (Ssurr) from this?

During a spontaneous chemical reaction, it is found that "Ssys" < 0. This means __________

The change in standard molar entropy, S for the following reaction is 494.6 J/mol · K at 25C. 2KClO3(s)  2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) What is the standard molar entropy of O2(g) at 25C? S°(KClO3, s)= 143.1 J/mol · K S°(KCl, s)= 82.6 J/mol · K

Which of the following statements about equilibrium are true? (I)Gsys = 0 (II)Ssys = 0 (III)Suniverse = 0

An oxygen molecule can have several different modes of motions. One type of motion is __________

Processes are always spontaneous when __________ (H and S refer to the system).

Perfect crystals of carbon monoxide (CO) are difficult to prepare because the very small dipole moment allows a few molecules to align in a pattern like CO OC CO instead of CO CO CO. If such crystals were cooled to 0 K, what would be the value of their absolute entropy?

Which of the following states of motion have the highest number of occupied excited states at room temperature-rotational, vibrational, or translational?

Which of the processes A-D will lead to a positive change in the entropy of the system? If all of these processes lead to a positive change in the entropy of the system, select E.

Which of the following will have the greatest standard molar entropy (S°)?

The following figures represent distributions of gas molecules between two containers connected by an open tube. In which figure is the entropy of the system maximized?

Which of the relationships A through D between the free energy change of a system and associated entropy changes is true?

Which of the following graphs best depicts the entropy of a pure substance as the temperature is raised from its solid form through its liquid and gaseous forms?

Matter, Energy, and the Origins of the Universe

Atoms, Ions, and Compounds

Chemical Reactions and Earths Composition

Solution Chemistry and the Hydrosphere

Thermochemistry

Properties of Gases: the Air We Breathe

Electrons in Atoms and Periodic Properties

Chemical Bonding and Climate Change

Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Forces Between Ions and Molecules

Solutions and Their Colligative Properties

The Chemistry of Solids

Organic Chemistry: Fuels, Pharmaceuticals, and Materials

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Equilibrium in the Aqueous Phase

The Colorful Chemistry of Metals

Electrochemistry and the Quest for Clean Energy

Biochemistry: the Compounds of Life

Nuclear Chemistry

Life and the Periodic Table

Filters

Indicate which one of the following reactions results in a negative S_sys.

Which of the following are true for a reversible process at equilibrium? (I)S_univ = 0 (II)S_sys = 0 (III)G_sys = 0

Care must be taken when dissolving solid pellets of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water as the temperature of the water can rise dramatically. Taking NaOH as the system, what can you deduce about the signs of the entropy change of the system (S_sys) and surroundings (S_surr) from this?

During a spontaneous chemical reaction, it is found that "S_sys" < 0. This means __________

The change in standard molar entropy, S for the following reaction is 494.6 J/mol · K at 25C. 2KClO₃(s)  2KCl(s) + 3O₂(g) What is the standard molar entropy of O₂(g) at 25C? S°(KClO₃, s)= 143.1 J/mol · K S°(KCl, s)= 82.6 J/mol · K

Which of the following statements about equilibrium are true? (I)G_sys = 0 (II)S_sys = 0 (III)S_universe = 0