Examine the following table of characters in four different species of flower. Based on the matrix, Derek concludes that species A is sister to the remaining three species. Wilma, in contrast, argues that species D is sister to all other species. Who is CORRECT? \[\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | c | } \hline & \text { Species A } & \text { Species B } & \text { Species C } & \text { Species D } \\ \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Presence of } \\ \text { sepals } \end{array} & \text { yes } & \text { yes } & \text { yes } & \text { no } \\ \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Number of } \\ \text { petals } \end{array} & \text { five } & \text { five } & \text { ten } & \text { ten } \\ \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Arrangement of } \\ \text { petals } \end{array} & \text { whorled } & \text { whorled } & \text { whorled } & \text { whorled } \\ \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Number of } \\ \text { carpels } \end{array} & \text { ten } & \text { ten } & \text { ten } & \text { five } \\ \hline \end{array}\]

A) Derek is correct, as the tree that puts A as sister to all other species is the most parsimonious. B) Wilma is correct, as the tree that puts D as sister to all other species is the most parsimonious. C) Neither, because the most parsimonious tree puts species B as sister to all others. D) We can't decide from the information given as trees with species A, B, or D as sister to all other species are equally parsimonious. A) Derek is correct, as the tree that puts A as sister to all other species is the most parsimonious. B) Wilma is correct, as the tree that puts D as sister to all other species is the most parsimonious. C) Neither, because the most parsimonious tree puts species B as sister to all others. D) We can't decide from the information given as trees with species A, B, or D as sister to all other species are equally parsimonious.

You are given a fossil and told that approximately 3% of the 14C originally in the sample is still there. How old is your sample? (Note that 14C has a half-life of 5730 years).

A) approximately 11,500 years B) approximately 17,000 years C) approximately 23,000 years D) approximately 29,000 years A) approximately 11,500 years B) approximately 17,000 years C) approximately 23,000 years D) approximately 29,000 years

Exam 23: Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

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What types of data can be used to construct phylogenies such as the one below? Photo sources: (left to right) Zoonar/K. Jorgensen/age fotostock; S Sailer/A Sailer/age fotostock; J & C Sohns/age fotostock; Michael Dick/ Animals Animals-Earth Scenes; FLPA/Jurgen & Christi/age fotostock; Yellow Dog Productions/Getty Images.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 61

How do fossils provide evidence of evolutionary history?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 62

Data from both phylogenies and the fossil record show all of the following EXCEPT:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 63

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding fossils?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 64

Examine the following table of characters in four different species of flower. Based on the matrix, Derek concludes that species A is sister to the remaining three species. Wilma, in contrast, argues that species D is sister to all other species. Who is CORRECT? Species A Species B Species C Species D Presence of sepals yes yes yes no Number of petals five five ten ten Arrangement of petals whorled whorled whorled whorled Number of carpels ten ten ten five

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 65

The phylogeny below represents a hypothesis for the evolutionary relationships among major groups of plants. If it is correct, in what order should we predict to find the fossils of these groups, in order from oldest to youngest?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 66

Which of the following radioisotopes could be used to accurately date a fossil that is thought to be over 750 million years old?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 67

While we can use molecular clocks based on molecular sequence data to estimate the times at which various lineages diverged, we ultimately need the _____ to calibrate the clocks.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 68

What evidence of ancient organisms exists in the fossil record that is not comprised of hardened body parts?

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Question 69

Characters that are similar because of descent from a common ancestor are _; characters that are similar due to convergent evolution are _.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 70

Figure 23.2 below represents a phylogenetic tree of the vertebrate animals. According to this tree, what is the sister group to the tetrapods?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 71

Why is the fossil record of marine life more complete than that of organisms living in terrestrial ecosystems?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 72

The Burgess Shale preserves a remarkable fossil record of:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 73

The probability that an ancient species will be represented in the fossil record is a function of:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 74

You are given a fossil and told that approximately 3% of the ¹⁴C originally in the sample is still there. How old is your sample? (Note that ¹⁴C has a half-life of 5730 years).

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 75

Examine Figure 23.2 below. The group "fish" includes all vertebrates except the tetrapods. The taxon "fish" is therefore a _____ group.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 76

A taxon that includes a single common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants is a _____ group.

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Question 77

Even if the geologic record extended back only 5000 years, evidence provided by living organisms alone would support the hypothesis that mammals only diverged following the extinction of dinosaurs.

(True/False)

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Question 78

In a particular layer of rock, a number of fossilized ferns are found, but no fossilized mosses are found. What conclusions can be drawn from this finding?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 79

Both analogies and homologies are always used to create phylogenetic trees. In fact, analogies often provide more information regarding the evolutionary relationships between different species than do homologies.

(True/False)

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Question 80

Showing 61 - 80 of 154

Exam 23: Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

How do fossils provide evidence of evolutionary history?

Data from both phylogenies and the fossil record show all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding fossils?

The phylogeny below represents a hypothesis for the evolutionary relationships among major groups of plants. If it is correct, in what order should we predict to find the fossils of these groups, in order from oldest to youngest?

Which of the following radioisotopes could be used to accurately date a fossil that is thought to be over 750 million years old?

While we can use molecular clocks based on molecular sequence data to estimate the times at which various lineages diverged, we ultimately need the _____ to calibrate the clocks.

What evidence of ancient organisms exists in the fossil record that is not comprised of hardened body parts?

Characters that are similar because of descent from a common ancestor are _____; characters that are similar due to convergent evolution are _____.

Figure 23.2 below represents a phylogenetic tree of the vertebrate animals. According to this tree, what is the sister group to the tetrapods?

Why is the fossil record of marine life more complete than that of organisms living in terrestrial ecosystems?

The Burgess Shale preserves a remarkable fossil record of:

The probability that an ancient species will be represented in the fossil record is a function of:

You are given a fossil and told that approximately 3% of the 14C originally in the sample is still there. How old is your sample? (Note that 14C has a half-life of 5730 years).

Examine Figure 23.2 below. The group "fish" includes all vertebrates except the tetrapods. The taxon "fish" is therefore a _____ group.

A taxon that includes a single common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants is a _____ group.

Even if the geologic record extended back only 5000 years, evidence provided by living organisms alone would support the hypothesis that mammals only diverged following the extinction of dinosaurs.

In a particular layer of rock, a number of fossilized ferns are found, but no fossilized mosses are found. What conclusions can be drawn from this finding?

Both analogies and homologies are always used to create phylogenetic trees. In fact, analogies often provide more information regarding the evolutionary relationships between different species than do homologies.

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

Characters that are similar because of descent from a common ancestor are _; characters that are similar due to convergent evolution are _.

You are given a fossil and told that approximately 3% of the ¹⁴C originally in the sample is still there. How old is your sample? (Note that ¹⁴C has a half-life of 5730 years).