Question 1

Intermediate filaments:

Accepted Answer

A) have a diameter that is larger than a microfilament, but smaller than a microtubule. 
B) play an important role in maintaining cell shape. 
C) play an important role in preventing skin from tearing by shear stress. 
D) undergo little change in length in comparison to microtubules and microfilaments. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) have a diameter that is larger than a microfilament, but smaller than a microtubule. 
B) play an important role in maintaining cell shape. 
C) play an important role in preventing skin from tearing by shear stress. 
D) undergo little change in length in comparison to microtubules and microfilaments. 
E) All of these choices are correct. E

Question 2

Dynein is a motor protein found attached to:

Accepted Answer

A) lamin. 
B) microfilaments. 
C) microtubules. 
D) intermediate filaments. 
A) lamin. 
B) microfilaments. 
C) microtubules. 
D) intermediate filaments. C

Question 3

The extracellular matrix can influence the shape of a cell because: (1) cell adhesion proteins on the plasma membrane attach to the extracellular matrix; (2) cell adhesion proteins attach to the cell's cytoskeleton; (3) the cytoskeleton determines cell shape.

Accepted Answer

A) Statement (1)is correct. 
B) Statement (2)is correct. 
C) Statement (3)is correct. 
D) Statement (1)and (2)are correct. 
E) All of the statements are correct. 
A) Statement (1)is correct. 
B) Statement (2)is correct. 
C) Statement (3)is correct. 
D) Statement (1)and (2)are correct. 
E) All of the statements are correct. E

Question 4

Which of the following is a component of the extracellular matrix made by a plant cell?

Accepted Answer

A) collagen 
B) cadherin 
C) cellulose 
D) All of these choices are correct. 
A) collagen 
B) cadherin 
C) cellulose 
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 5

A pathologist is carrying out an autopsy. Upon opening the chest cavity, the pathologist sees a thick, fibrous tissue surrounding the heart. This is likely:

Accepted Answer

A) neural tissue. 
B) epithelial tissue. 
C) muscle tissue. 
D) connective tissue. 
A) neural tissue. 
B) epithelial tissue. 
C) muscle tissue. 
D) connective tissue.

Question 6

How does the extracellular matrix affect a cell that it surrounds?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell's shape depends in part on the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix. 
B) The genes that the cell expresses depend in part on the types of proteins in the extracellular matrix. 
C) The size that the cell grows to depends in part on the polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix. 
D) The extracellular matrix has no effect on the cells that it surrounds. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) The cell's shape depends in part on the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix. 
B) The genes that the cell expresses depend in part on the types of proteins in the extracellular matrix. 
C) The size that the cell grows to depends in part on the polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix. 
D) The extracellular matrix has no effect on the cells that it surrounds. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following cell junctions is involved in creating a barrier between cells?

Accepted Answer

A) desmosome 
B) tight junction 
C) adherens junction 
A) desmosome 
B) tight junction 
C) adherens junction

Question 8

Which one of the following properly groups a cell junction with a cytoskeletal element and a cell adhesion molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) adherens junction, microfilament, integrin 
B) hemidesmosome, microfilament, cadherin 
C) desmosome, intermediate filament, cadherin 
D) hemidesmosome, intermediate filament, cadherin 
A) adherens junction, microfilament, integrin 
B) hemidesmosome, microfilament, cadherin 
C) desmosome, intermediate filament, cadherin 
D) hemidesmosome, intermediate filament, cadherin

Question 9

Some cytoskeletal elements are more permanent than others. Which components of the cytoskeleton are dynamic structures?

Accepted Answer

A) microtubules 
B) microfilaments 
C) intermediate filaments 
D) both microtubules and intermediate filaments 
E) both microtubules and microfilaments 
A) microtubules 
B) microfilaments 
C) intermediate filaments 
D) both microtubules and intermediate filaments 
E) both microtubules and microfilaments

Question 10

Within the plant cell wall, the primary cell wall contains _____, and the secondary cell wall is composed of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) only cellulose; only lignin 
B) only lignin; only cellulose 
C) both pectin and cellulose; both lignin and cellulose 
D) both lignin and cellulose; pectin and cellulose 
E) only pectin; only lignin 
A) only cellulose; only lignin 
B) only lignin; only cellulose 
C) both pectin and cellulose; both lignin and cellulose 
D) both lignin and cellulose; pectin and cellulose 
E) only pectin; only lignin

Question 11

Epidermolysis bullosa is a set of rare genetic disorders that is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A) a keratin gene that disrupts intermediate filaments, weakening epidermal cell connections. 
B) a microfilament gene that disrupts desmosomes, weakening epidermal cell connections. 
C) an intermediate filament gene that disrupts hemidesmosomes, weakening epidermal cell connections. 
D) a keratin gene that disrupts microfilaments, weakening epidermal cell connections. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) a keratin gene that disrupts intermediate filaments, weakening epidermal cell connections. 
B) a microfilament gene that disrupts desmosomes, weakening epidermal cell connections. 
C) an intermediate filament gene that disrupts hemidesmosomes, weakening epidermal cell connections. 
D) a keratin gene that disrupts microfilaments, weakening epidermal cell connections. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 12

Dynamic instability is a:

Accepted Answer

A) feature of microtubules. 
B) feature of microfilaments. 
C) feature of intermediate filaments. 
D) feature of microtubules and microfilaments. 
E) universal feature of the cytoskeleton. 
A) feature of microtubules. 
B) feature of microfilaments. 
C) feature of intermediate filaments. 
D) feature of microtubules and microfilaments. 
E) universal feature of the cytoskeleton.

Question 13

Kinesin is a motor protein found attached to:

Accepted Answer

A) microfilaments. 
B) microtubules. 
C) intermediate filaments. 
D) tubulin. 
A) microfilaments. 
B) microtubules. 
C) intermediate filaments. 
D) tubulin.

Question 14

The basal lamina:

Accepted Answer

A) is a specialized extracellular matrix found beneath epithelial tissues. 
B) is found on top of the epidermis of the skin. 
C) is a cell-rich layer. 
D) links to epithelial cells through tight junctions. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) is a specialized extracellular matrix found beneath epithelial tissues. 
B) is found on top of the epidermis of the skin. 
C) is a cell-rich layer. 
D) links to epithelial cells through tight junctions. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 15

The natural loss of dead cells from the surface of your skin is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) loss of adherens junctions between epithelial cells. 
B) breakdown of desmosomes. 
C) loss of microvilli. 
D) both the loss of adherens junctions between epithelial cells, and the breakdown of desmosomes. 
A) loss of adherens junctions between epithelial cells. 
B) breakdown of desmosomes. 
C) loss of microvilli. 
D) both the loss of adherens junctions between epithelial cells, and the breakdown of desmosomes.

Question 16

Gap junctions and plasmodesmata have what feature in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They both allow direct transport of materials between cells. 
B) They both are made up of protein subunits located in the plasma membrane. 
C) They are both found in plant cells. 
D) They both attach to the cytoskeleton. 
A) They both allow direct transport of materials between cells. 
B) They both are made up of protein subunits located in the plasma membrane. 
C) They are both found in plant cells. 
D) They both attach to the cytoskeleton.

Question 17

How do cells connect to the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

A) through cadherins 
B) through integrins 
C) through gap junctions 
D) through tight junctions 
A) through cadherins 
B) through integrins 
C) through gap junctions 
D) through tight junctions

Question 18

The internal cytoskeletal structure of cilia and flagella grows out from a structure called a basal body located near the cell surface. Based on this information, where would you predict the plus end of the microtubules to be located?

Accepted Answer

A) near the basal body 
B) near the tip of the cilia or flagella 
C) at both ends of the cilia or flagella 
D) It is not possible to predict from the information provided. 
A) near the basal body 
B) near the tip of the cilia or flagella 
C) at both ends of the cilia or flagella 
D) It is not possible to predict from the information provided.

Question 19

Which motor protein(s) would you find in a flagellum?

Accepted Answer

A) myosin 
B) dynein 
C) kinesin 
D) both myosin and dynein 
A) myosin 
B) dynein 
C) kinesin 
D) both myosin and dynein

Question 20

The classic experiment using isolated cells from two species of sponges provided evidence that:

Accepted Answer

A) cell adhesion molecules are species specific. 
B) sponge cells possess an extracellular matrix. 
C) cell adhesion molecules are nonspecific. 
D) sponge cells have cell adhesion molecules. 
A) cell adhesion molecules are species specific. 
B) sponge cells possess an extracellular matrix. 
C) cell adhesion molecules are nonspecific. 
D) sponge cells have cell adhesion molecules.

Exam 10: Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Intermediate filaments:

Dynein is a motor protein found attached to:

The extracellular matrix can influence the shape of a cell because: (1) cell adhesion proteins on the plasma membrane attach to the extracellular matrix; (2) cell adhesion proteins attach to the cell's cytoskeleton; (3) the cytoskeleton determines cell shape.

Which of the following is a component of the extracellular matrix made by a plant cell?

A pathologist is carrying out an autopsy. Upon opening the chest cavity, the pathologist sees a thick, fibrous tissue surrounding the heart. This is likely:

How does the extracellular matrix affect a cell that it surrounds?

Which of the following cell junctions is involved in creating a barrier between cells?

Which one of the following properly groups a cell junction with a cytoskeletal element and a cell adhesion molecule?

Some cytoskeletal elements are more permanent than others. Which components of the cytoskeleton are dynamic structures?

Within the plant cell wall, the primary cell wall contains _____, and the secondary cell wall is composed of _____.

Epidermolysis bullosa is a set of rare genetic disorders that is caused by:

Dynamic instability is a:

Kinesin is a motor protein found attached to:

The basal lamina:

The natural loss of dead cells from the surface of your skin is a result of:

Gap junctions and plasmodesmata have what feature in common?

How do cells connect to the extracellular matrix?

The internal cytoskeletal structure of cilia and flagella grows out from a structure called a basal body located near the cell surface. Based on this information, where would you predict the plus end of the microtubules to be located?

Which motor protein(s) would you find in a flagellum?

The classic experiment using isolated cells from two species of sponges provided evidence that:

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

Within the plant cell wall, the primary cell wall contains _, and the secondary cell wall is composed of _.