Exam 6: Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Consider the refrigerator in your kitchen. Based on what you know about the first and second laws of thermodynamics, how does a refrigerator MOST likely work?

In a reaction, enzymes change the:

Your lunch is digested by enzymes in your gastrointestinal tract. These chemical reactions are categorized as:

Suppose that, in a given reaction, the enthalpy (H) increases by 10 units, and the disorder (TS) increases by 12 units. Would this reaction be considered spontaneous? A)yes B)no

Why do we use glucose? Can an organism exist on H₂S?

An example of potential energy is a ball sitting _____ of the stairs.

Building a protein by adding amino acids to the polypeptide chain is an example of:

Stored energy is called _____ energy.

In a given reaction, which of the following has the HIGHEST amount of free energy?

Which of these equations demonstrates energetic coupling in a cell? Equation 1: ATP + H₂O  ADP + P_i G₁ = -7 kcal/mol Equation 2: phosphoenolpyruvate + H₂O  pyruvate + P_i G₂ = -14.8 kcal/mol Equation 3: glucose + P_i  glucose-6-phosphate + H₂O G₃ = +3.3 kcal/mol Equation 4: ADP + P_i  ATP + H₂O G₃ = +7 kcal/mol

An avalanche is an example of _____ energy.

A biologist working in a lab adds a compound to a solution that contains an enzyme and substrate. This particular compound binds reversibly to the enzyme at the active site. Once the compound is bound to the enzyme, the catalysis of substrate to product stops. Which of the following is TRUE of the compound?

Imagine that several atoms bond to form a carbohydrate, creating a more orderly system. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the universe after this carbohydrate forms?

_____ are organisms that derive carbon from organic compounds.

Suppose that three critical amino acids in the active site of a specific enzyme are threonine, serine, and glutamic acid. Which of the following characteristics would you predict the substrate to possess in order to bind the active site of this enzyme?

Animals such as cats, worms, and butterflies are classified as:

In chemical reactions, MOST of the entropy increase occurs as:

Some ions that facilitate enzyme-catalyzed reactions are capable of catalyzing reactions independently of an enzyme.

In _____, large molecules are broken down and ATP is produced.

Activators and inhibitors that bind to enzymes at positions other than the active site of the enzyme bind to a(n) _____ site on the enzyme.