Question 1

A cell's plasma membrane contributes to homeostasis by:

Accepted Answer

A) acting as a selective barrier. 
B) defining the boundary between the inside and outside of the cell. 
C) functioning as a fluid mosaic of lipid and protein. 
D) maintaining the shape of the cell. 
A) acting as a selective barrier. 
B) defining the boundary between the inside and outside of the cell. 
C) functioning as a fluid mosaic of lipid and protein. 
D) maintaining the shape of the cell. A

Question 2

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

osmosis

Question 3

Suppose you are studying the transport of a certain polar molecule across the plasma membrane of cells in culture. Over a period of time, you measure the concentration of a polar molecule inside and outside of the cells. You find that the concentration of the molecule is lower in the cell but is gradually increasing. You also measure the ATP concentration inside the cell and find that it is not changing. Which of the following is probably responsible for the transport of this polar substance into the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) facilitated diffusion 
B) secondary active transport 
C) endocytosis 
D) active transport 
E) simple diffusion 
A) facilitated diffusion 
B) secondary active transport 
C) endocytosis 
D) active transport 
E) simple diffusion A

Question 4

Transmembrane proteins MUST have:

Accepted Answer

A) a signal sequence. 
B) a signal-anchor sequence. 
C) a nuclear localization sequence. 
D) both a signal sequence and a signal-anchor sequence. 
A) a signal sequence. 
B) a signal-anchor sequence. 
C) a nuclear localization sequence. 
D) both a signal sequence and a signal-anchor sequence.

Question 5

The beaker in the illustration below contains two solutions of salt with different concentrations (measured by molarity, M). The two solutions are separated by a membrane that is permeable to both salt and water.   Which of the following will occur in this container?

Accepted Answer

A) Net diffusion of water from B to A and of salt from A to B. 
B) Net diffusion of water from A to B and of salt from B to A. 
C) Net diffusion of water across the membrane, but not of salt. 
D) Diffusion of salt across the membrane, but not of water. 
E) Net diffusion of salt from B to A, but no net diffusion of water. 
A) Net diffusion of water from B to A and of salt from A to B. 
B) Net diffusion of water from A to B and of salt from B to A. 
C) Net diffusion of water across the membrane, but not of salt. 
D) Diffusion of salt across the membrane, but not of water. 
E) Net diffusion of salt from B to A, but no net diffusion of water.

Question 6

Amino acids with hydrophobic side chains are often found in the region of an integral membrane protein that spans the membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which one of the following is an example of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

A) the use of an electrochemical gradient of one molecule to move a second molecule 
B) the movement of potassium ions following the initial movement of sodium ions 
C) the use of more than one type of transport protein for the movement of a molecule 
D) the use of a chemical gradient to generate an electrical gradient 
A) the use of an electrochemical gradient of one molecule to move a second molecule 
B) the movement of potassium ions following the initial movement of sodium ions 
C) the use of more than one type of transport protein for the movement of a molecule 
D) the use of a chemical gradient to generate an electrical gradient

Question 8

How do eukaryotic plant and animal cells differ from one another?

Accepted Answer

A) Animal cells have mitochondria but not chloroplasts, and plant cells have chloroplasts but not mitochondria. 
B) Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cell walls, and plant cells do. 
C) Animal cells have endoplasmic reticulum and plant cells don't. 
D) Animal cells have a plasma membrane and plant cells have a cell wall. 
A) Animal cells have mitochondria but not chloroplasts, and plant cells have chloroplasts but not mitochondria. 
B) Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cell walls, and plant cells do. 
C) Animal cells have endoplasmic reticulum and plant cells don't. 
D) Animal cells have a plasma membrane and plant cells have a cell wall.

Question 9

During the translation of mRNA molecules, the new polypeptides are often directed to specific parts of the cell by the presence or absence of short sequences of amino acids called signal peptides. Which of the following would you expect to find in the polypeptide that will eventually fold to become RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A) no signal peptide 
B) an amino terminal signal peptide 
C) an internal signal peptide 
D) a signal anchor peptide 
A) no signal peptide 
B) an amino terminal signal peptide 
C) an internal signal peptide 
D) a signal anchor peptide

Question 10

Insulin is a protein hormone that helps to control the level of glucose in the blood. It is secreted from specialized cells in the pancreas. Based on this information, which path does insulin take out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) ER membrane F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle membrane F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 plasma membrane F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exterior of cell 
B) vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 ER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Golgi apparatus F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exterior of cell 
C) nucleus F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 ER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Golgi apparatus F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exterior of cell 
D) ER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Golgi apparatus F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exterior of cell 
E) ER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 nucleus F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cytosol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exterior of cell 
A) ER membrane F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle membrane F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 plasma membrane F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exterior of cell 
B) vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 ER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Golgi apparatus F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exterior of cell 
C) nucleus F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 ER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Golgi apparatus F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exterior of cell 
D) ER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 Golgi apparatus F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exterior of cell 
E) ER F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 nucleus F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cytosol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exterior of cell

Question 11

In order for bilayers to form spontaneously, the pH of the solution should be:

Accepted Answer

A) very acidic. 
B) moderately acidic. 
C) approximately neutral. 
D) moderately basic. 
E) very basic. 
A) very acidic. 
B) moderately acidic. 
C) approximately neutral. 
D) moderately basic. 
E) very basic.

Question 12

If FRAP is performed on two membranes, one at 25ºC and the other at 40ºC, which one of the following results would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

A) Only the membrane at the higher temperature would recover fluorescence in the bleached area. 
B) Only the membrane at the lower temperature would recover fluorescence in the bleached area. 
C) Both membranes would recover fluorescence in the bleached area, but the membrane at the colder temperature would recover more rapidly. 
D) Both membranes would recover fluorescence in the bleached area, but the membrane at the warmer temperature would recover more rapidly. 
E) Both membranes would recover fluorescence in the bleached area at the same rate. 
A) Only the membrane at the higher temperature would recover fluorescence in the bleached area. 
B) Only the membrane at the lower temperature would recover fluorescence in the bleached area. 
C) Both membranes would recover fluorescence in the bleached area, but the membrane at the colder temperature would recover more rapidly. 
D) Both membranes would recover fluorescence in the bleached area, but the membrane at the warmer temperature would recover more rapidly. 
E) Both membranes would recover fluorescence in the bleached area at the same rate.

Question 13

If a cell lacked a cytoskeleton, which of the following would likely be a result?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell would be unable to harness energy. 
B) The cell would be unable to carry out translation. 
C) The shape of the cell would be impacted. 
D) Protein movement in the cell would be affected. 
E) The shape of the cell would be affected and protein movement in the cell would be affected. 
A) The cell would be unable to harness energy. 
B) The cell would be unable to carry out translation. 
C) The shape of the cell would be impacted. 
D) Protein movement in the cell would be affected. 
E) The shape of the cell would be affected and protein movement in the cell would be affected.

Question 14

Prokaryotes contain nucleoids, which are similar to nuclei in that they contain rudimentary chromosomes referred to as plasmids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Explain how the basic structure of a phospholipid bilayer is maintained in an aqueous solution, and identify a change you can make that would permanently disrupt the bilayer.

Accepted Answer

The structure of a phospholipid bilayer

Question 16

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have inner and outer membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which one of the following is LEAST likely to cross a lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

A) O2 
B) CO2 
C) ATP 
D) H2O 
E) N2 
A) O2 
B) CO2 
C) ATP 
D) H2O 
E) N2

Question 18

The process of synthesizing simple sugars using sunlight as an energy source is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of synthesizing simple sugars using...

Question 19

What type of molecule is NOT associated with a cell's plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate 
B) phospholipid 
C) RNA 
D) protein 
A) carbohydrate 
B) phospholipid 
C) RNA 
D) protein

Question 20

Which one of the following is moved from one side of a lysosomal membrane to the other by a transport protein in the lysosomal membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) protons 
B) broken-down macromolecules 
C) enzymes capable of breaking down macromolecules being delivered from the Golgi apparatus 
D) protons and broken-down macromolecules 
A) protons 
B) broken-down macromolecules 
C) enzymes capable of breaking down macromolecules being delivered from the Golgi apparatus 
D) protons and broken-down macromolecules

Exam 5: Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

A cell's plasma membrane contributes to homeostasis by:

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration is referred to as _____.

Transmembrane proteins MUST have:

The beaker in the illustration below contains two solutions of salt with different concentrations (measured by molarity, M). The two solutions are separated by a membrane that is permeable to both salt and water. Which of the following will occur in this container?

Amino acids with hydrophobic side chains are often found in the region of an integral membrane protein that spans the membrane.

Which one of the following is an example of secondary active transport?

How do eukaryotic plant and animal cells differ from one another?

Insulin is a protein hormone that helps to control the level of glucose in the blood. It is secreted from specialized cells in the pancreas. Based on this information, which path does insulin take out of the cell?

In order for bilayers to form spontaneously, the pH of the solution should be:

If FRAP is performed on two membranes, one at 25ºC and the other at 40ºC, which one of the following results would most likely be observed?

If a cell lacked a cytoskeleton, which of the following would likely be a result?

Prokaryotes contain nucleoids, which are similar to nuclei in that they contain rudimentary chromosomes referred to as plasmids.

Explain how the basic structure of a phospholipid bilayer is maintained in an aqueous solution, and identify a change you can make that would permanently disrupt the bilayer.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have inner and outer membranes.

Which one of the following is LEAST likely to cross a lipid bilayer?

The process of synthesizing simple sugars using sunlight as an energy source is referred to as _____.

What type of molecule is NOT associated with a cell's plasma membrane?

Which one of the following is moved from one side of a lysosomal membrane to the other by a transport protein in the lysosomal membrane?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters