Examine the following table of characters in four different species of flower. Based on the character matrix, which is MOST likely an ancestral trait for the group of species? \[\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | c | } \hline & \text { Species A } & \text { Species B } & \text { Species C } & \text { Species D } \\ \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Presence of } \\ \text { sepals } \end{array} & \text { yes } & \text { yes } & \text { yes } & \text { no } \\ \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Number of } \\ \text { petals } \end{array} & \text { five } & \text { five } & \text { ten } & \text { ten } \\ \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Arrangement of } \\ \text { petals } \end{array} & \text { whorled } & \text { whorled } & \text { whorled } & \text { whorled } \\ \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Number of } \\ \text { carpels } \end{array} & \text { ten } & \text { ten } & \text { ten } & \text { five } \\ \hline \end{array}\]

A) presence of sepals B) number of petals C) arrangement of petals D) number of carpels A) presence of sepals B) number of petals C) arrangement of petals D) number of carpels

14C dating is MOST useful in determining the age of:

A) bone and wood in the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs. B) samples older than 60,000 years. C) samples that originally contained only small amounts of carbon. D) All of these choices are correct. A) bone and wood in the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs. B) samples older than 60,000 years. C) samples that originally contained only small amounts of carbon. D) All of these choices are correct.

Examine the following table of characters in four different species of flower. Based on the matrix, which character would be the least informative for resolving phylogenetic relationships between the species? \[\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | c | } \hline & \text { Species A } & \text { Species B } & \text { Species C } & \text { Species D } \\ \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Presence of } \\ \text { sepals } \end{array} & \text { yes } & \text { yes } & \text { yes } & \text { no } \\ \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Number of } \\ \text { petals } \end{array} & \text { five } & \text { five } & \text { ten } & \text { ten } \\ \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Arrangement of } \\ \text { petals } \end{array} & \text { whorled } & \text { whorled } & \text { whorled } & \text { whorled } \\ \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Number of } \\ \text { carpels } \end{array} & \text { ten } & \text { ten } & \text { ten } & \text { five } \\ \hline \end{array}\]

A) presence of sepals B) number of petals C) arrangement of petals D) number of carpels A) presence of sepals B) number of petals C) arrangement of petals D) number of carpels

The half-life of 14C is 5730 years. Archaeologists dig up a seed that contains 0.25 parts per trillion 14C. If it originally contained 1 part per trillion 14C, how old is the archaeological specimen?

A) 11,460 years B) 5730 years C) 17,190 years D) 22,920 years E) 28,650 years A) 11,460 years B) 5730 years C) 17,190 years D) 22,920 years E) 28,650 years

Exam 23: Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Pterosaurs are an extinct group of flying reptiles. Paleontologists accept that pterosaurs evolved flight independently of birds. What evidence BEST supports such a conclusion?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 121

Seals and penguins both have streamlined body forms that allow them to move through water efficiently. This similarity in body shape is MOST likely the result of:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 122

Examine the following table of characters in four different species of flower. Based on the character matrix, which is MOST likely an ancestral trait for the group of species? Species A Species B Species C Species D Presence of sepals yes yes yes no Number of petals five five ten ten Arrangement of petals whorled whorled whorled whorled Number of carpels ten ten ten five

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 123

Recent discoveries of fossils that surprisingly retain some coloration are the result of the preservation of:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 124

Examine Figure 23.2 below. According to this figure, the amphibians are a _____ group.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 125

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called a:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 126

Why might a phylogeny based only on molecular data show a different pattern of relationships than a phylogeny of the same taxa that is based only on morphological traits?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 127

We expect the fossil record to be incomplete for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 128

Excluding the outgroup, taxon A, how many equivalent sister-group relationships are depicted between the two phylogenies given below?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 129

The discovery of Tiktaalik roseae was significant for which of the following reasons?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 130

A grouping that includes an ancestor and some, but not all, of the descendants of that ancestor is described as:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 131

¹⁴C dating is MOST useful in determining the age of:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 132

The nodes on a phylogenetic tree represent:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 133

A taxon that includes a single common ancestor and all its descendants is a _____ group.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 134

Why is agreement between the fossil record and phylogenies constructed from living organisms considered to be strong evidence of evolution?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 135

You discover a new species of ape that is more closely related to gorillas than to any other species of ape, but walks upright. How would you change the phylogeny below? Photo sources: (left to right) Zoonar/K. Jorgensen/age fotostock; S Sailer/A Sailer/age fotostock; J & C Sohns/age fotostock; Michael Dick/ Animals Animals-Earth Scenes; FLPA/Jurgen & Christi/age fotostock; Yellow Dog Productions/Getty Images.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 136

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the fossil record?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 137

Examine the following table of characters in four different species of flower. Based on the matrix, which character would be the least informative for resolving phylogenetic relationships between the species? Species A Species B Species C Species D Presence of sepals yes yes yes no Number of petals five five ten ten Arrangement of petals whorled whorled whorled whorled Number of carpels ten ten ten five

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 138

The half-life of ¹⁴C is 5730 years. Archaeologists dig up a seed that contains 0.25 parts per trillion ¹⁴C. If it originally contained 1 part per trillion ¹⁴C, how old is the archaeological specimen?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 139

Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of phylogenetics?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 140

Exam 23: Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Pterosaurs are an extinct group of flying reptiles. Paleontologists accept that pterosaurs evolved flight independently of birds. What evidence BEST supports such a conclusion?

Seals and penguins both have streamlined body forms that allow them to move through water efficiently. This similarity in body shape is MOST likely the result of:

Recent discoveries of fossils that surprisingly retain some coloration are the result of the preservation of:

Examine Figure 23.2 below. According to this figure, the amphibians are a _____ group.

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called a:

Why might a phylogeny based only on molecular data show a different pattern of relationships than a phylogeny of the same taxa that is based only on morphological traits?

We expect the fossil record to be incomplete for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Excluding the outgroup, taxon A, how many equivalent sister-group relationships are depicted between the two phylogenies given below?

The discovery of Tiktaalik roseae was significant for which of the following reasons?

A grouping that includes an ancestor and some, but not all, of the descendants of that ancestor is described as:

14C dating is MOST useful in determining the age of:

The nodes on a phylogenetic tree represent:

A taxon that includes a single common ancestor and all its descendants is a _____ group.

Why is agreement between the fossil record and phylogenies constructed from living organisms considered to be strong evidence of evolution?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the fossil record?

The half-life of 14C is 5730 years. Archaeologists dig up a seed that contains 0.25 parts per trillion 14C. If it originally contained 1 part per trillion 14C, how old is the archaeological specimen?

Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of phylogenetics?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

¹⁴C dating is MOST useful in determining the age of:

The half-life of ¹⁴C is 5730 years. Archaeologists dig up a seed that contains 0.25 parts per trillion ¹⁴C. If it originally contained 1 part per trillion ¹⁴C, how old is the archaeological specimen?