Question 1

During transcription of a given protein-coding gene, both strands are used as template.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Imagine you have discovered a new species of bacteria. To begin your investigation of this organism, you run an assay on the total nucleotide content of the bacterial cells. If 40 percent of the nucleotides in the DNA are cytosine, what percentage of the DNA is made of adenine nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

If 40% of the nucleotides are C, then according to the rules of complementary base pairing, 40% must also be G. Therefore, 20% of the DNA must be A's and T's, or 10% A and 10% T.

Question 3

Based on what you know about eukaryotic cells, what is one of the arguments against using RNA as the genetic storage molecule?

Accepted Answer

There is no current mechanism to package enough RNA to encode all the information needed by the cell.

Question 4

A template DNA strand contains 30% A, 20%T, 27% G, and 23% C. The RNA transcript contains:

Accepted Answer

A) 30% A, 20% T, 27% G, and 23% C. 
B) 30% T, 20% A, 27% C, and 23% G. 
C) 30% U, 20% A, 27% C, and 23% G. 
D) 30% A, 20% U, 27% G, and 23% C. 
A) 30% A, 20% T, 27% G, and 23% C. 
B) 30% T, 20% A, 27% C, and 23% G. 
C) 30% U, 20% A, 27% C, and 23% G. 
D) 30% A, 20% U, 27% G, and 23% C.

Question 5

Alternative splicing allows for:

Accepted Answer

A) two or more different proteins to be made from a single processed mRNA. 
B) different polypeptides to be made from a single gene. 
C) increased stability of a mature mRNA. 
D) enhanced recognition of an mRNA by a ribosome. 
E) multiple genes to be used to code for a single polypeptide chain. 
A) two or more different proteins to be made from a single processed mRNA. 
B) different polypeptides to be made from a single gene. 
C) increased stability of a mature mRNA. 
D) enhanced recognition of an mRNA by a ribosome. 
E) multiple genes to be used to code for a single polypeptide chain.

Question 6

If the first nucleotide after the promoter on the bottom DNA strand in the simulation is changed from C to T, what would the resulting nucleotide be on the mRNA? Test your prediction by making the change and running the simulation.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) C 
C) T 
D) U 
A) A 
B) C 
C) T 
D) U

Question 7

Which one of the following RNA types is MOST abundant in mammalian cells?

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) miRNA 
D) rRNA 
E) snRNA 
A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) miRNA 
D) rRNA 
E) snRNA

Question 8

No exceptions to the central dogma exist. RNA is always transcribed from DNA, and RNA is translated to produce proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

RNA catalysis can be selected in laboratory experiments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The initial product of transcription is referred to as the _____ transcript.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The initial product of transcription is referred...

Question 11

In a bacterial transcription complex, how many base pairs of RNA-DNA hybrid are found?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 8 
C) 25 
D) 35 
E) 100 
A) 2 
B) 8 
C) 25 
D) 35 
E) 100

Question 12

Imagine that you are an interior architecture/biology double major. While at home during break, one of your friends asks you to design and help build a spiral staircase that is modeled after a DNA molecule. The staircase must have 12 steps and each step needs to be 6 feet wide. You say, "OK, as long as you provide the materials." Then your friend shows you what you have to work with: a couple of spiral railings and some boards. The trouble is the only boards he has for you to work with are either 2 feet long or 4 feet long. Explain why you are still able to design and build the staircase using the materials he has on hand.

Accepted Answer

The staircase would have 2 railings repr

Question 13

Which of the following is essential, even in an RNA world?

Accepted Answer

A) polymerase 
B) transcription 
C) translation 
D) spliceosomes 
E) transfer RNA 
A) polymerase 
B) transcription 
C) translation 
D) spliceosomes 
E) transfer RNA

Question 14

Mutations only occur in DNA, and never are observed in RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In a nucleotide, to which carbon in the sugar is the base attached?

Accepted Answer

A) 1' 
B) 2' 
C) 3' 
D) 4' 
E) 5' 
A) 1' 
B) 2' 
C) 3' 
D) 4' 
E) 5'

Question 16

Which one of the following nucleotides hydrogen base pairs with adenine in an RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) cytosine 
B) thymine 
C) uracil 
D) adenine 
E) guanine 
A) cytosine 
B) thymine 
C) uracil 
D) adenine 
E) guanine

Question 17

In transcription, the energy to attach each successive ribonucleotide to the growing RNA chain comes from:

Accepted Answer

A) the RNA polymerase itself. 
B) cleavage of the high-energy phosphate bonds of the incoming nucleotide. 
C) cleavage of the high-energy phosphate bonds of the growing transcript. 
D) cleavage of the 2' hydroxyl group on the ribose of the incoming nucleotide. 
A) the RNA polymerase itself. 
B) cleavage of the high-energy phosphate bonds of the incoming nucleotide. 
C) cleavage of the high-energy phosphate bonds of the growing transcript. 
D) cleavage of the 2' hydroxyl group on the ribose of the incoming nucleotide.

Question 18

A "googol" is the term given to the number 10100 (that is, the number 1 followed by 100 zeros). Given a double-stranded DNA molecule of length n base pairs, how big does n have to be to yield more than a googol of possible sequences?

Accepted Answer

Answer: Therefore n = 167 is a

Question 19

When DNA or genetic information is passed between bacteria (and bacteria take up this material from their surrounding environment), this process is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) transmutation. 
B) transferration. 
C) transformation. 
D) translation. 
E) transcription. 
A) transmutation. 
B) transferration. 
C) transformation. 
D) translation. 
E) transcription.

Question 20

In an RNA world, which of the following processes would NOT take place?

Accepted Answer

A) transcription 
B) translation 
C) DNA replication 
D) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) transcription 
B) translation 
C) DNA replication 
D) None of the other answer options is correct.

Exam 3: Nucleic Acids and Transcription

During transcription of a given protein-coding gene, both strands are used as template.

Imagine you have discovered a new species of bacteria. To begin your investigation of this organism, you run an assay on the total nucleotide content of the bacterial cells. If 40 percent of the nucleotides in the DNA are cytosine, what percentage of the DNA is made of adenine nucleotides?

Based on what you know about eukaryotic cells, what is one of the arguments against using RNA as the genetic storage molecule?

A template DNA strand contains 30% A, 20%T, 27% G, and 23% C. The RNA transcript contains:

Alternative splicing allows for:

If the first nucleotide after the promoter on the bottom DNA strand in the simulation is changed from C to T, what would the resulting nucleotide be on the mRNA? Test your prediction by making the change and running the simulation.

Which one of the following RNA types is MOST abundant in mammalian cells?

No exceptions to the central dogma exist. RNA is always transcribed from DNA, and RNA is translated to produce proteins.

RNA catalysis can be selected in laboratory experiments.

The initial product of transcription is referred to as the _____ transcript.

In a bacterial transcription complex, how many base pairs of RNA-DNA hybrid are found?

Which of the following is essential, even in an RNA world?

Mutations only occur in DNA, and never are observed in RNA.

In a nucleotide, to which carbon in the sugar is the base attached?

Which one of the following nucleotides hydrogen base pairs with adenine in an RNA molecule?

In transcription, the energy to attach each successive ribonucleotide to the growing RNA chain comes from:

A "googol" is the term given to the number 10100 (that is, the number 1 followed by 100 zeros). Given a double-stranded DNA molecule of length n base pairs, how big does n have to be to yield more than a googol of possible sequences?

When DNA or genetic information is passed between bacteria (and bacteria take up this material from their surrounding environment), this process is referred to as:

In an RNA world, which of the following processes would NOT take place?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

A "googol" is the term given to the number 10¹⁰⁰ (that is, the number 1 followed by 100 zeros). Given a double-stranded DNA molecule of length n base pairs, how big does n have to be to yield more than a googol of possible sequences?