Question 1

Microbes that live on the surface of plants are called __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Microbes that live on the surface of...

Question 2

One of the more important genera of gram-positive aerobic actinomycetes found in soils is

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptomyces. 
B)  Bdellovibrio. 
C)  Acinetobacter. 
D)  Pseudomonas. 
A)  Streptomyces. 
B)  Bdellovibrio. 
C)  Acinetobacter. 
D)  Pseudomonas.

Question 3

Geosmin, which contributes to the characteristic earthy odor of soils, is produced primarily by the genus

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptomyces. 
B)  Paramecium. 
C)  Caenorhabditis. 
D)  Armillaria. 
A)  Streptomyces. 
B)  Paramecium. 
C)  Caenorhabditis. 
D)  Armillaria.

Question 4

A large reserve of methane is found in a pocket below the ocean floor and isotope analysis revealed that the 13C/12C ratio is lower than that predicted by the natural occurrence of these isotopes. This finding suggests that the methane was produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  a geochemical process. 
B)  the metabolic activity of microorganisms. 
C)  a radioactive decay process. 
D)  oxidation of sulfite. 
A)  a geochemical process. 
B)  the metabolic activity of microorganisms. 
C)  a radioactive decay process. 
D)  oxidation of sulfite.

Question 5

Ionized ammonia applied to soil is effectively retained because clays in the soil have a charge that is

Accepted Answer

A)  positive. 
B)  negative. 
C)  uncharged. 
D)  none of these 
A)  positive. 
B)  negative. 
C)  uncharged. 
D)  none of these

Question 6

Molecular techniques have shown that Crenarchaeota are not present in soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An average gram of forest soil contains about

Accepted Answer

A)  2 $\times$ 109 bacteria and archaea. 
B)  4 $\times$ 107 bacteria and archaea. 
C)  4 $\times$ 107 protists. 
D)  2 $\times$ 109 fungi. 
A)  2 $\times$ 109 bacteria and archaea. 
B)  4 $\times$ 107 bacteria and archaea. 
C)  4 $\times$ 107 protists. 
D)  2 $\times$ 109 fungi.

Question 8

The region of soil in the immediate vicinity of the roots of plants is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  plant crust. 
B)  rhizosphere. 
C)  phyllosphere. 
D)  microbivory. 
A)  plant crust. 
B)  rhizosphere. 
C)  phyllosphere. 
D)  microbivory.

Question 9

Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium are significant contributors to which process when engaged in a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrification 
B)  nitrogen fixation 
C)  denitrification 
D)  sulfate reduction 
A)  nitrification 
B)  nitrogen fixation 
C)  denitrification 
D)  sulfate reduction

Question 10

A major organism involved in associative nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere of many plants is

Accepted Answer

A)  Azospirillum. 
B)  Rhizobium. 
C)  Frankia. 
D)  Pseudomonas. 
A)  Azospirillum. 
B)  Rhizobium. 
C)  Frankia. 
D)  Pseudomonas.

Question 11

Agrobacterium has the ability to infect plants and produce tumor-like growths.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Mycorrhizae are formed by the association of plants with

Accepted Answer

A)  algae. 
B)  actinomycetes. 
C)  cyanobacteria. 
D)  fungi. 
A)  algae. 
B)  actinomycetes. 
C)  cyanobacteria. 
D)  fungi.

Question 13

The ____________ mycorrhizae are the most common type of mycorrhizae.

Accepted Answer

A)  arbuscular 
B)  ericaceous 
C)  orchidaceous 
D)  monotropoid 
A)  arbuscular 
B)  ericaceous 
C)  orchidaceous 
D)  monotropoid

Question 14

Microbial processes take place in

Accepted Answer

A)  shallow subsurface where water flowing from the surface moves below the plant root zone. 
B)  regions where organic matter, originating from the Earth's surface in times past, has been transformed by chemical and biological processes to yield coal. 
C)  zones where methane is being synthesized as a result of microbial activity. 
D)  all of the choices 
A)  shallow subsurface where water flowing from the surface moves below the plant root zone. 
B)  regions where organic matter, originating from the Earth's surface in times past, has been transformed by chemical and biological processes to yield coal. 
C)  zones where methane is being synthesized as a result of microbial activity. 
D)  all of the choices

Question 15

The formation of an infection thread is an important initial part of microbial interactions with plants in the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrification. 
B)  nitrogen fixation. 
C)  denitrification. 
D)  sulfate reduction. 
A)  nitrification. 
B)  nitrogen fixation. 
C)  denitrification. 
D)  sulfate reduction.

Question 16

In the process of forming a root nodule, species of Rhizobium differentiate to form a type of cell called a

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph node. 
B)  bacteroid. 
C)  nucleoid. 
D)  vesicle. 
A)  lymph node. 
B)  bacteroid. 
C)  nucleoid. 
D)  vesicle.

Question 17

Bacteroids are terminally differentiated-they can neither divide nor revert back to the nondifferentiated state.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Microorganisms in soil are located in thin water films on particle surfaces where oxygen is present at high levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Enzymes, once released from plant and animal cells, can remain present and function independent of the organisms that synthesized them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 20 or less in soil results in the loss of soluble nitrogen from the system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 29: Microorganisms in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Microbes that live on the surface of plants are called __________ .

One of the more important genera of gram-positive aerobic actinomycetes found in soils is

Geosmin, which contributes to the characteristic earthy odor of soils, is produced primarily by the genus

A large reserve of methane is found in a pocket below the ocean floor and isotope analysis revealed that the 13C/12C ratio is lower than that predicted by the natural occurrence of these isotopes. This finding suggests that the methane was produced by

Ionized ammonia applied to soil is effectively retained because clays in the soil have a charge that is

Molecular techniques have shown that Crenarchaeota are not present in soil.

An average gram of forest soil contains about

The region of soil in the immediate vicinity of the roots of plants is called the

Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium are significant contributors to which process when engaged in a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants?

A major organism involved in associative nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere of many plants is

Agrobacterium has the ability to infect plants and produce tumor-like growths.

Mycorrhizae are formed by the association of plants with

The ____________ mycorrhizae are the most common type of mycorrhizae.

Microbial processes take place in

The formation of an infection thread is an important initial part of microbial interactions with plants in the process of

In the process of forming a root nodule, species of Rhizobium differentiate to form a type of cell called a

Bacteroids are terminally differentiated-they can neither divide nor revert back to the nondifferentiated state.

Microorganisms in soil are located in thin water films on particle surfaces where oxygen is present at high levels.

Enzymes, once released from plant and animal cells, can remain present and function independent of the organisms that synthesized them.

A carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 20 or less in soil results in the loss of soluble nitrogen from the system.

The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology

The Study of Microbial Structure: Microscopy and Specimen Preparation

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function

Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

Microbial Nutrition

Microbial Growth

Control of Microorganisms in the Environment

Introduction to Metabolism

Catabolism Energy Release and Conservation

Anabolism the Use of Energy in Biosynthesis

Genes Structure, Replication, and Expression

Microbial Genetics Regulation of Gene Expression

Microbial Genetics Mechanisms of Genetic Variation

Recombinant Dna Technology

Microbial Genomics

Microbial Taxonomy and the Evolution of Diversity

The Archaea

Bacteria the Deinococci and Nonproteobacteria Gram Negatives

Bacteria the Proteobacteria

Bacteria the Low G+C Gram Positives

Bacteria the High G+C Gram Positives

The Protists

The Fungi Eumycota

The Viruses

Biogeochemical Cycling

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microorganisms in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

Microbial Interactions

Infection and Pathogenicity

Nonspecific Innate Host Resistance

Specific Adaptive Immunity

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology and Public Health Microbiology

Human Diseases Caused by Viruses and Prions

Human Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Human Diseases Caused by Fungi and Protists

Microbiology of Food

Industrial Microbiology

Applied Environmental Microbiology

Filters

A large reserve of methane is found in a pocket below the ocean floor and isotope analysis revealed that the ¹³C/¹²C ratio is lower than that predicted by the natural occurrence of these isotopes. This finding suggests that the methane was produced by