Exam 5: Learning

In classical conditioning, discrimination basically is the reverse of ________.

Which of the following statements is true for operant conditioning?

Each of the following is true of classical and operant conditioning except ________.

The process of presenting the conditioned stimulus alone so often that the learner no longer associates it with the unconditioned stimulus and stops making the conditioned response is called ________.

A child who calls all four-legged animals "doggies" is exhibiting ________.

When comparing the effects of continuous reinforcement with intermittent reinforcement, ________.

In an experiment, the pupils of subjects' eyes contracted when a bright light was shown. After continual pairing of the bright light with the sound of a bell, the subjects' pupils contracted when they heard the bell. After the pairing of the sound of the bell with the presentation of a black square, pupil contraction occurred with just the sight of the square. In this entire conditioning study, the conditioned stimulus is (stimuli are) the ________.

Which of the following is true of research on insight?

Describe Kohler's and Harlow's research on insight and learning sets. What conclusions can be drawn from this research regarding animals' abilities to learn?

Instrumental conditioning is another term for ________.

Explain the steps involved in modifying your own behavior.

Explain what learned helplessness is and describe how it develops. Also, discuss what effects it has on people and animals once it is established.

Which of the following is true?

Desensitization therapy is based primarily on the principles of ________.

Insight is only seen in higher animals such as primates.

Describe Bandura's classic (1965) study on aggression. Explain what conclusions can be drawn from this study and why.

Operant conditioning is another name for ________.

A researcher places dogs in a cage with metal bars on the floor. The dogs are randomly given electric shocks and can do nothing to prevent them or stop them. Later, the same dogs are placed in a cage where they can escape the shocks by jumping over a low hurdle. When the shocks are given, the dogs do not even try to escape. They just sit and cower. This is an example of ________.

Changing behavior through the reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired response is called ________.

Abigail is trying to figure out how she can best use employee pay to elicit a high rate of employee productivity over a long period of time. If employees' responses to pay schedules are similar to people's general responses to reinforcement schedules, she should use a ________ schedule.