Exam 5: Learning

A monkey learns that given three differently shaped boxes (square, round, and triangular), food will always be found under the round box. Once this learning has occurred, the monkey only looks under the round box for food, ignoring the other boxes. This exemplifies the principle of ________.

When someone uses punishment to change a behavior, the probability of the behavior occurring is likely to ________.

In classical conditioning, the most effective method is to present the ________.

Briefly describe the types of generalization and discrimination that occur in classical and operant conditioning and explain how each works.

Describe the findings of Thorndike's experiments and discuss the elements essential for operant conditioning.

If you want an organism to respond very rapidly with only a brief pause after each reinforcement, which schedule of reinforcement would you choose?

Your dog Hans loves to ride in the car. Whenever anyone picks up a set of keys he races for the door. When your grandmother, who is afraid of dogs, arrives for a visit, Hans is not allowed to ride in the car. By the end of her two-week visit, he has ceased going to the door when the keys come out. However, after a brief vacation away from home, he's back at the door again as soon as he hears the keys. Why?

In the experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned stimulus was ________.

For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen except ________.

Which of the following is NOT an example of preparedness in conditioning?

Discuss the requirements for punishment to be effective as well as the dangers and limitations of using punishment to change behavior. Also, describe the role that avoidance training plays in using punishment to change behavior.

The transfer of a learned response to a different but similar stimulus is called ________.

The law of effect is the same thing as classical conditioning.

Extinction and generalization do not appear in operant conditioning.

An unruly child has become conditioned to fear the sight of the principal's door. Over the past month, however, he had no contacts with the principal. Now the child will probably ________.

Watson's Little Albert study demonstrated the effectiveness of classical conditioning in humans.

The 5-year-old child of two very busy parents has been throwing tantrums. Whenever the child gets angry or upset, one or both of his parents immediately come to his side and fuss over and cajole him. Nevertheless, his tantrums do not diminish. In fact, they seem to occur more often. We may assume that for this child his parents' fussing over him serves as a(n) ________.

Lila doesn't like her psychology class because the instructor uses unannounced "pop" exams to test the class. As a result, she never knows when she will be tested. Her instructor is testing her on a ________ schedule.

A relationship in which one event depends on another is known as a ________.

In classical conditioning, intermittent pairing reduces both the rate of learning and the final level of learning achieved.