Exam 5: Learning

The concept of latent learning was developed by ________.

Gambling behavior is very hard to extinguish because it is reinforced according to a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

The step-by-step reinforcement of partial responses is called shaping.

Which of the following statements about punishment is not true?

Kevin is a good student. He studies hard because when he does he gets the teacher's approval. His studying behavior was probably learned through ________.

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called ________.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

According to social learning theory, ________.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, salivation to the meat was the ________.

Abigail is trying to figure out how she can best use employee pay to shape her employees' behavior. She is worried about consistent behavior, not speed. Therefore, she is interested in getting a slow but steady rate of response from her workers. According to reinforcement principles, she should probably use a ________ schedule.

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is a(n) ________ reinforcer.

Describe Pavlov's classical conditioning studies in terms of the US, UR, CS, CR, and his results. Briefly discuss two examples of classical conditioning in your own life, naming the US, UR, CS, and CR.

In an experiment, the pupils of subjects' eyes contracted when a bright light was shown. After continual pairing of the bright light with the sound of a bell, subjects' pupils contracted when they heard the bell. After the pairing of the sound of the bell with the presentation of a black square, pupil contraction occurred with just the sight of the square. In this study, the unconditioned stimulus is (stimuli are) the ________.

On a variable-interval schedule, reinforcement is given for the ________.

A dog, taught to salivate to the sound of a buzzer, learned that the buzzer was no longer followed by food and stopped salivating to the buzzer. If the the buzzer was again paired with food after a few weeks, the dog would probably ________.

In operant conditioning, ________.

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he hears a certain piece of music. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then plays the piece of music. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation, the unconditioned response is ________.

Mary Cover Jones first demonstrated that children's fears can be ________.

A crucial element of classical conditioning is emitted behavior.

A child is scolded for using his fingers instead of his fork to eat some spaghetti. The scolding stops when he picks up his fork. Stopping the scolding is an example of ________ reinforcement.