Question 1

Research on the use of rewards to facilitate learning indicates that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  linking rewards to learning reduces intrinsic motivation but not creativity 
B)  linking rewards to learning does not compromise either intrinsic motivation or creativity 
C)  linking rewards to learning reduces creativity but not intrinsic motivation 
D)  even when used properly, linking rewards to learning actually reduces intrinsic motivation and creativity 
A)  linking rewards to learning reduces intrinsic motivation but not creativity 
B)  linking rewards to learning does not compromise either intrinsic motivation or creativity 
C)  linking rewards to learning reduces creativity but not intrinsic motivation 
D)  even when used properly, linking rewards to learning actually reduces intrinsic motivation and creativity

Question 2

Spontaneous, voluntary behaviors that you engage in by choice are called ________ behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent 
B)  vicarious 
C)  operant 
D)  manifest 
A)  latent 
B)  vicarious 
C)  operant 
D)  manifest

Question 3

In partial reinforcement, the rule for determining when and how often reinforcers will be delivered is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement map 
B)  response-to-reinforcement guide 
C)  schedule of reinforcement 
D)  token economy 
A)  reinforcement map 
B)  response-to-reinforcement guide 
C)  schedule of reinforcement 
D)  token economy

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The effectiveness of punishment depends solely on its force. 
B)  Punishment usually enhances the learning process. 
C)  Punishment should be applied intermittently. 
D)  Punishment does not always work. 
A)  The effectiveness of punishment depends solely on its force. 
B)  Punishment usually enhances the learning process. 
C)  Punishment should be applied intermittently. 
D)  Punishment does not always work.

Question 5

In classical conditioning the learner is ________, and in operant conditioning the learner is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  passive; active Correct : Classical conditioning involves a "spreading" of reflexive behaviors, and thus it is passive learning. 
B)  active; passive Incorrect : This is the opposite of the correct answer. 
C)  active; active 
D)  passive; passive 
A)  passive; active Correct : Classical conditioning involves a "spreading" of reflexive behaviors, and thus it is passive learning. 
B)  active; passive Incorrect : This is the opposite of the correct answer. 
C)  active; active 
D)  passive; passive

Question 6

A reliable "if-then" relationship between two events such as a CS and a US is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contingency 
B)  response set 
C)  ratio 
D)  reciprocal bearing 
A)  contingency 
B)  response set 
C)  ratio 
D)  reciprocal bearing

Question 7

Which of the following steps is the basic principle of self-modification of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Provide yourself with a positive reinforcer that is contingent upon specific improvements in the target behavior. 
B)  Decide what behavior you want to acquire. 
C)  Monitor your present behavior. 
D)  Define the target behavior precisely. 
A)  Provide yourself with a positive reinforcer that is contingent upon specific improvements in the target behavior. 
B)  Decide what behavior you want to acquire. 
C)  Monitor your present behavior. 
D)  Define the target behavior precisely.

Question 8

A budding author wishes to improve her typing. Which of the following would be least helpful in a program to help her reach her goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  giving herself reinforcement each time she consistently improves in either speed or accuracy 
B)  keeping a careful record of her current rates of speed and accuracy 
C)  punishing herself whenever she fails to achieve the goals she has set for herself 
D)  deciding on specific improvements she wishes to make in speed and accuracy 
A)  giving herself reinforcement each time she consistently improves in either speed or accuracy 
B)  keeping a careful record of her current rates of speed and accuracy 
C)  punishing herself whenever she fails to achieve the goals she has set for herself 
D)  deciding on specific improvements she wishes to make in speed and accuracy

Question 9

Operant conditioning operates on the principle that behaviors occur more often when they are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  modeled 
B)  punished 
C)  ignored 
D)  reinforced 
A)  modeled 
B)  punished 
C)  ignored 
D)  reinforced

Question 10

Which of the following statements is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is harder to extinguish a response learned on a partial reinforcement schedule than one learned on a continuous reinforcement schedule. 
B)  Behaviors learned through punishment are relatively easy to extinguish. 
C)  The stronger the original learning, the more difficult extinction will be. 
D)  Simple behavior is easier to extinguish than complex behavior. 
A)  It is harder to extinguish a response learned on a partial reinforcement schedule than one learned on a continuous reinforcement schedule. 
B)  Behaviors learned through punishment are relatively easy to extinguish. 
C)  The stronger the original learning, the more difficult extinction will be. 
D)  Simple behavior is easier to extinguish than complex behavior.

Question 11

Briefly describe how extinction and spontaneous recovery work in classical and in operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe how extinction and spontaneous recovery...

Question 12

The idea that in conditioning, the conditioned stimulus must signify that if one thing occurs, something else is likely to occur, is part of ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  contingency 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  autonomic conditioning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  contingency 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  autonomic conditioning

Question 13

A researcher trains a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell by pairing the ringing of the bell with the presentation of meat. This type of learning is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious learning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  cognitive learning 
D)  classical conditioning 
A)  vicarious learning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  cognitive learning 
D)  classical conditioning

Question 14

Social learning theory's foremost proponent is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Thorndike 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Bandura 
D)  Watson 
A)  Thorndike 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Bandura 
D)  Watson

Question 15

The psychologist most closely associated with the concept of preparedness is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Seligman 
B)  Wolpe 
C)  Bandura 
D)  Jones 
A)  Seligman 
B)  Wolpe 
C)  Bandura 
D)  Jones

Question 16

According to the law of effect, a behavior is most likely to be repeated when it is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  paired with a neutral stimulus 
B)  ignored 
C)  followed by reinforcement 
D)  preceded by reinforcement 
A)  paired with a neutral stimulus 
B)  ignored 
C)  followed by reinforcement 
D)  preceded by reinforcement

Question 17

The view of learning that emphasizes the ability to learn by observing a model or receiving instructions, without firsthand experience by the learner, is called ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  contingency 
B)  conditioning 
C)  cognitive learning 
D)  social learning 
A)  contingency 
B)  conditioning 
C)  cognitive learning 
D)  social learning

Question 18

The basic difference between punishment and reinforcement boils down to a difference between ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned and unconditioned stimuli 
B)  presenting and removing stimuli 
C)  stimuli and responses 
D)  decreasing and increasing response rates 
A)  conditioned and unconditioned stimuli 
B)  presenting and removing stimuli 
C)  stimuli and responses 
D)  decreasing and increasing response rates

Question 19

In ________ conditioning, new behaviors can build on previously established ones.

Accepted Answer

A)  operant but not classical 
B)  both operant and classical 
C)  neither classical nor operant 
D)  classical but not operant 
A)  operant but not classical 
B)  both operant and classical 
C)  neither classical nor operant 
D)  classical but not operant

Question 20

A kind of therapy closely related to classical conditioning that is designed to gradually reduce anxiety about a particular object or situation is known as ________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic 
B)  desensitization 
C)  conditioned 
D)  response 
A)  psychoanalytic 
B)  desensitization 
C)  conditioned 
D)  response

Research on the use of rewards to facilitate learning indicates that ________.

Spontaneous, voluntary behaviors that you engage in by choice are called ________ behaviors.

In partial reinforcement, the rule for determining when and how often reinforcers will be delivered is called a ________.

Which of the following statements is true?

In classical conditioning the learner is , and in operant conditioning the learner is .

A reliable "if-then" relationship between two events such as a CS and a US is called a ________.

Which of the following steps is the basic principle of self-modification of behavior?

A budding author wishes to improve her typing. Which of the following would be least helpful in a program to help her reach her goal?

Operant conditioning operates on the principle that behaviors occur more often when they are ________.

Which of the following statements is not true?

Briefly describe how extinction and spontaneous recovery work in classical and in operant conditioning.

The idea that in conditioning, the conditioned stimulus must signify that if one thing occurs, something else is likely to occur, is part of ________ theory.

A researcher trains a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell by pairing the ringing of the bell with the presentation of meat. This type of learning is known as ________.

Social learning theory's foremost proponent is ________.

The psychologist most closely associated with the concept of preparedness is ________.

According to the law of effect, a behavior is most likely to be repeated when it is ________.

The view of learning that emphasizes the ability to learn by observing a model or receiving instructions, without firsthand experience by the learner, is called ________ theory.

The basic difference between punishment and reinforcement boils down to a difference between ________.

In ________ conditioning, new behaviors can build on previously established ones.

A kind of therapy closely related to classical conditioning that is designed to gradually reduce anxiety about a particular object or situation is known as ________ therapy.

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The Biological Basis of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition and Mental Abilities

Motivation and Emotion

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Exam 5: Learning

Research on the use of rewards to facilitate learning indicates that ________.

Spontaneous, voluntary behaviors that you engage in by choice are called ________ behaviors.

In partial reinforcement, the rule for determining when and how often reinforcers will be delivered is called a ________.

Which of the following statements is true?

In classical conditioning the learner is ________, and in operant conditioning the learner is ________.

A reliable "if-then" relationship between two events such as a CS and a US is called a ________.

Which of the following steps is the basic principle of self-modification of behavior?

A budding author wishes to improve her typing. Which of the following would be least helpful in a program to help her reach her goal?

Operant conditioning operates on the principle that behaviors occur more often when they are ________.

Which of the following statements is not true?

Briefly describe how extinction and spontaneous recovery work in classical and in operant conditioning.

The idea that in conditioning, the conditioned stimulus must signify that if one thing occurs, something else is likely to occur, is part of ________ theory.

A researcher trains a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell by pairing the ringing of the bell with the presentation of meat. This type of learning is known as ________.

Social learning theory's foremost proponent is ________.

The psychologist most closely associated with the concept of preparedness is ________.

According to the law of effect, a behavior is most likely to be repeated when it is ________.

The view of learning that emphasizes the ability to learn by observing a model or receiving instructions, without firsthand experience by the learner, is called ________ theory.

The basic difference between punishment and reinforcement boils down to a difference between ________.

In ________ conditioning, new behaviors can build on previously established ones.

A kind of therapy closely related to classical conditioning that is designed to gradually reduce anxiety about a particular object or situation is known as ________ therapy.

The Science of Psychology

The Biological Basis of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition and Mental Abilities

Motivation and Emotion

Life-Span Development

Personality

Stress and Health Psychology

Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Measurement and Statistical Methods

Psychology Applied to Work

Filters

In classical conditioning the learner is , and in operant conditioning the learner is .