Question 1

John sees others being praised for using good penmanship and now he attempts to use good penmanship. This behavior is reflective of ________ learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  observational 
B)  conditional 
C)  operant 
D)  conformist 
A)  observational 
B)  conditional 
C)  operant 
D)  conformist

Question 2

Observational learning:

Accepted Answer

A)  is the same thing as teaching. 
B)  involves a change in behavior as a result of watching others. 
C)  is limited to humans. 
D)  is not effective for long term retention. 
A)  is the same thing as teaching. 
B)  involves a change in behavior as a result of watching others. 
C)  is limited to humans. 
D)  is not effective for long term retention.

Question 3

Learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus elicits a response that was originally caused by another stimulus is called ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive learning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  observational learning 
A)  cognitive learning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  observational learning

Question 4

Riley reports that watching commercials has classically conditioned her to only buy a particular brand of hand lotion and she could not possibly even consider purchasing any other brand. What might you want to remind her about classical conditioning in advertisements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning affects emotions, but does not cause us to blindly follow suggestions to purchase products. 
B)  Classical conditioning can be reversed with therapy. 
C)  Classical conditioning can be reversed by exposing oneself to other types of CS. 
D)  Classical conditioning does not have an impact on humans. 
A)  Classical conditioning affects emotions, but does not cause us to blindly follow suggestions to purchase products. 
B)  Classical conditioning can be reversed with therapy. 
C)  Classical conditioning can be reversed by exposing oneself to other types of CS. 
D)  Classical conditioning does not have an impact on humans.

Question 5

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo" doll study. The term Bobo refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandura's pet name for the dog used in the study. 
B)  Bandura's loyal but strange assistant that carried out the study. 
C)  Bandura's nickname that his wife had given him. 
D)  the type of inflatable doll that was used in the study. 
A)  Bandura's pet name for the dog used in the study. 
B)  Bandura's loyal but strange assistant that carried out the study. 
C)  Bandura's nickname that his wife had given him. 
D)  the type of inflatable doll that was used in the study.

Question 6

What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response 
B)  conditioned response and unconditioned response 
C)  neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus 
D)  neutral stimulus and conditioned stimulus 
A)  unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response 
B)  conditioned response and unconditioned response 
C)  neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus 
D)  neutral stimulus and conditioned stimulus

Question 7

The proverb "He who hath been bitten by a snake fears a rope" illustrates ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus discrimination 
B)  extinction 
C)  spontaneous recovery 
D)  stimulus generalization. 
A)  stimulus discrimination 
B)  extinction 
C)  spontaneous recovery 
D)  stimulus generalization.

Question 8

What is the typical dependent variable used in studies of the operant conditioning of lever pressing in rats?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of responses per minute 
B)  the cumulative record of lever presses 
C)  the average intensity of lever presses 
D)  none of the above 
A)  the number of responses per minute 
B)  the cumulative record of lever presses 
C)  the average intensity of lever presses 
D)  none of the above

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neither partial nor continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist for long periods of time. 
B)  Continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through partial reinforcement. 
C)  Partial reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through continuous reinforcement. 
D)  Continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement lead to behaviors that persist for equally long periods of time. 
A)  Neither partial nor continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist for long periods of time. 
B)  Continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through partial reinforcement. 
C)  Partial reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through continuous reinforcement. 
D)  Continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement lead to behaviors that persist for equally long periods of time.

Question 10

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

Accepted Answer

A)  removed; decreases 
B)  presented; increases 
C)  presented; decreases 
D)  removed; increases 
A)  removed; decreases 
B)  presented; increases 
C)  presented; decreases 
D)  removed; increases

Question 11

Principles of operant conditioning have been used to help explain why people get attached to "lucky" hats, charms, and rituals. Using these principles, explain how an athlete might show this type of behavior. How did Skinner demonstrate the phenomenon of superstitious behavior with pigeons in his laboratory?

Accepted Answer

An athlete might show superstitious beha

Question 12

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye. Later, he blinks when he hears the tone. Before ending the experiment, what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

Accepted Answer

A)  present the tone alone repeatedly 
B)  present the puff of air alone repeatedly 
C)  increase the loudness of the tone 
D)  increase the amount of air that is directed toward the eye 
A)  present the tone alone repeatedly 
B)  present the puff of air alone repeatedly 
C)  increase the loudness of the tone 
D)  increase the amount of air that is directed toward the eye

Question 13

Repeatedly presenting a CS by itself will result in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction 
B)  spontaneous recovery 
C)  stimulus discrimination 
D)  stimulus generalization 
A)  extinction 
B)  spontaneous recovery 
C)  stimulus discrimination 
D)  stimulus generalization

Question 14

Which type of learning occurs when we observe other people act?

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  insight learning 
D)  observational learning 
A)  operant conditioning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  insight learning 
D)  observational learning

Question 15

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival, but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers. However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  the person lighting the firecrackers 
B)  the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers 
C)  the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers 
D)  the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode 
A)  the person lighting the firecrackers 
B)  the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers 
C)  the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers 
D)  the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Question 16

Sarah has just received her driver's license and is now ready to drive to school. Although she's never driven to her school before, Sarah knows the way. The fact that Sarah can drive herself to school suggests that _________ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  classical and operant conditioning 
A)  latent learning 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  classical and operant conditioning

Question 17

We associate the name of _______ most closely with classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  B. F. Skinner 
B)  Robert Rescorla 
C)  Albert Bandura 
D)  Ivan Pavlov 
A)  B. F. Skinner 
B)  Robert Rescorla 
C)  Albert Bandura 
D)  Ivan Pavlov

Question 18

At the National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C., a polar bear suffered a broken tooth, and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem. The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door, then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth. Finally, a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward. This is an example of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling 
B)  shaping 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  secondary learning 
A)  modeling 
B)  shaping 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  secondary learning

Question 19

Learning that is not directly observable is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  insight 
B)  innate learning 
C)  vicarious learning 
D)  latent learning 
A)  insight 
B)  innate learning 
C)  vicarious learning 
D)  latent learning

Question 20

Which of the following is true of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning is the process that allows a species to slowly adapt over generations. 
B)  All learning involves the acquisition of new knowledge and information. 
C)  Learning involves a change in behavior or knowledge as a result of experience. 
D)  Humans are the only species known to be capable of true learning. 
A)  Learning is the process that allows a species to slowly adapt over generations. 
B)  All learning involves the acquisition of new knowledge and information. 
C)  Learning involves a change in behavior or knowledge as a result of experience. 
D)  Humans are the only species known to be capable of true learning.

John sees others being praised for using good penmanship and now he attempts to use good penmanship. This behavior is reflective of ________ learning.

Observational learning:

Learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus elicits a response that was originally caused by another stimulus is called ___________________.

Riley reports that watching commercials has classically conditioned her to only buy a particular brand of hand lotion and she could not possibly even consider purchasing any other brand. What might you want to remind her about classical conditioning in advertisements?

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo" doll study. The term Bobo refers to

What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?

The proverb "He who hath been bitten by a snake fears a rope" illustrates ______________.

What is the typical dependent variable used in studies of the operant conditioning of lever pressing in rats?

Which of the following statements is true about operant conditioning?

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is and thus the probability of a response.

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye. Later, he blinks when he hears the tone. Before ending the experiment, what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

Repeatedly presenting a CS by itself will result in ________.

Which type of learning occurs when we observe other people act?

Sarah has just received her driver's license and is now ready to drive to school. Although she's never driven to her school before, Sarah knows the way. The fact that Sarah can drive herself to school suggests that _________ has occurred.

We associate the name of _______ most closely with classical conditioning.

Learning that is not directly observable is called _____________.

Which of the following is true of learning?

Introducing Psychological Science

Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Thought and Language

Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities

Life Span Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Health, Stress and Coping

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Filters

Exam 6: Learning

John sees others being praised for using good penmanship and now he attempts to use good penmanship. This behavior is reflective of ________ learning.

Observational learning:

Learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus elicits a response that was originally caused by another stimulus is called ___________________.

Riley reports that watching commercials has classically conditioned her to only buy a particular brand of hand lotion and she could not possibly even consider purchasing any other brand. What might you want to remind her about classical conditioning in advertisements?

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo" doll study. The term Bobo refers to

What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?

The proverb "He who hath been bitten by a snake fears a rope" illustrates ______________.

What is the typical dependent variable used in studies of the operant conditioning of lever pressing in rats?

Which of the following statements is true about operant conditioning?

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye. Later, he blinks when he hears the tone. Before ending the experiment, what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

Repeatedly presenting a CS by itself will result in ________.

Which type of learning occurs when we observe other people act?

Sarah has just received her driver's license and is now ready to drive to school. Although she's never driven to her school before, Sarah knows the way. The fact that Sarah can drive herself to school suggests that _________ has occurred.

We associate the name of _______ most closely with classical conditioning.

Learning that is not directly observable is called _____________.

Which of the following is true of learning?

Introducing Psychological Science

Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Thought and Language

Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities

Life Span Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Health, Stress and Coping

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Filters

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is and thus the probability of a response.