Exam 6: Learning

Researchers use the term desirable difficulty to refer to:

Last month Walter became sick after eating two chili dogs, and he now finds the very thought of chili dogs to be repulsive. Walter has experienced ________________.

Anything that follows a response, making that response more likely to recur, is

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies, the CR was _____________.

In the study of fear conditioning in a humans involving snake photos, what was the CS?

As an infant, Stephanie received many penicillin injections from the doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor's coat, she started to cry. This is an example of ______________.

As she walked through her neighborhood, Jodie, a 6 year old girl, frequently saw a large brown dog. She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it, but as her hand approached the animal, it barked and bit her. The bite was painful and caused her to cry. Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size. In the example, the dog's bark and bite is the:

In order for latent learning to occur, there must be reinforcement.

The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called ______________.

Operant conditioning occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response.

The classical-conditioning term for a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response in the absence of learning is _______________.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the ringing of the bell was the __________.

The association or link between which two classical conditioning elements is, by definition, unlearned?

Cognitive learning involves:

When a CR has been conditioned to a particular stimulus, the organism will also tend to make the CR in response to other stimuli. This phenomenon is called:

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

The process of learning to respond only to a single specific object or event is called _______.

Repeatedly presenting a CS by itself will result in:

Shelly has developed a fear of bridges due to the recent, graphic news coverage of people falling from a collapsed bridge. Which of the following is the CS?