Exam 6: Learning

Which two learning processes seem to be opposites?

Kwan checks his email for new messages several times during the day. He realizes that because emails are sent on a ________________ schedule, checking his email more frequently will not increase the number of new emails he receives in a day. Furthermore, he knows that he cannot predict when people will email him, but if an email has been sent to him, he will receive it the next time he checks.

Shaping is achieved through:

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

An example of a behavior that is learned through operant conditioning is _____________.

An automatic, innate, and involuntary response to an environmental event is an ________.

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation the CONDITIONED response is the ________.

Thorndike's research famously led him to conclude that responses followed by satisfaction will occur again, and those that are not followed by satisfaction become less likely. This principle is known as ______________.

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

Positive reinforcers:

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called __________.

As she walked through her neighborhood, Jodie, a 6 year old girl, frequently saw a large brown dog. She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it, but as her hand approached the animal, it barked and bit her. The bite was painful and caused her to cry. Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size. The sight of dogs is the:

Some of the simplest and most basic learning that involves the acquisition of fairly specific patterns of behaviors in the presence of well-defined stimuli is:

When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increases. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice thereafter, her heart raced. Old Spice After Shave was the:

When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increased. Luke always wore Old Spice after shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Luke's kiss was the _______________.

Which of the following would be classified as a secondary reinforcer?

Bob has learned that he can usually get what he wants from his parents if he keeps whining for something. One day Bob starts whining in the toy store because he wants an action figure. His father refuses to give it to him and ignores his whining. What process is likely to happen as a result?

Which form of classical conditioning is most likely to occur with only a single CS-US pairing?

Ken's mouth waters every time he hears the ice cream truck's familiar song in the distance. One day a slightly different song is heard in the distance and Ken's mouth waters. Ken's behavior illustrates ____________.