Exam 6: Learning

Participants exposed to paired experiences of snakes and mild electric shock, then exhibited that they were experiencing palm sweat even when they only saw the pictures of the snakes. The snake photo was the __________.

Instinctive or involuntary behavior would probably be BEST modified by ___________ .

One of the difficulties in demonstrating that exposure to media violence increases aggression is the fact that much of the research on media violence and aggression relies on _______________ designs, which do not allow researchers to determine cause-and-effect relationships.

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation the unconditioned response (UR) is the _______________.

Corky's mouth waters when he sees Ball Park Franks, but not when he sees other brands of franks. This response is known as:

Which of the following is NOT a negative reinforcer?

_____ create(s) situations that make acquiring new knowledge more challenging and with benefits that are less obvious in the short term.

The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior is known as __________.

A slot machine is a classic example of a(n) ________________ schedule of reinforcement because players never know how many times they will have to pull the arm before they win again.

Shaping is the process of:

Thorndike was known for his work with __________.

You classically condition your dog Milo to salivate when middle C is played on the piano, but you find that he also salivates when a high G is played. You make a point of playing high G and not giving Milo any food afterward, whereas you do give him food after you play C. After a few days, Milo stops salivating when high G is played but continues to salivate to middle C. This phenomenon is known as ________________.

Which of the following will decrease the likelihood of behavior reoccurring?

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival, but at first pay just scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers. However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned stimulus?

Operant conditioning assumes that:

A child receives one homework pass-a coupon that allows her to skip a homework assignment-for every 10 word problems she completes during class. This is an example of both ___________ reinforcement and a ___________ schedule of reinforcement.

Punishment occurs every day in families, schools, and workplaces. But often the intended results fail to occur. When punishment must be used, what are five guidelines that should be followed?

__________ is a change in an organism's behavior or knowledge brought about by experience.

Extinction occurs in classical conditioning when the ________ no longer produces the ________.

In general, studying is more effective when: