Exam 6: Learning

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival, but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers. However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the conditioned stimulus?

Analogy: Negative reinforcement is to punishment as _______ is to _______.

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to __________ .

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane. When Bobby kissed Sue, his breathing accelerated. Sue always wore Chanel 5 when she went out with Bobby. Whenever Bobby smelled Chanel 5, he began to breathe faster. Sue's kiss was the:

When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increases. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart would race. Laura's increased heart rate when she smelled Old Spice was the:

Putting on sunglasses to relieve glare is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

If a dog salivates when it sees a green light or a yellow light, it is exhibiting ________.

For several weeks Allen had to clean the men's restroom at the restaurant where he worked. The task always made him nauseated. He has since gone on to better things, but still cannot walk by the door to a men's restroom without becoming slightly queasy. For Allen, the door to the men's room has become a(n) ________________.

________________is the loss or weakening of a conditioned response when a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus no longer occur together.

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the __________ is the unconditioned stimulus (US).

Researchers have demonstrated that _______ responses can be conditioned so that people will start to have fearful responses (e.g., palm sweat) to pictures of snakes.

B.F. Skinner rigged the cages of pigeons so that food was delivered every 15 seconds. Within a short time most of the pigeons were practicing some sort of consistent behavior, even though the behavior did not have any effect on the delivery of the reinforcer. The birds were:

A small boy has just recently delighted his parents because he learned to call his father "daddy." However, it has now become an embarrassment to his mother when she takes him out with her because he keeps calling other men "daddy." This is an example of:

A child who calls all four-legged animals "dogs" is exhibiting ______.

This is the first exam you have ever taken in Professor Smith's class. You know nothing about her tests, and she has never done anything harmful to you or anyone else. Nonetheless, you are anxious about the test. Your anxiety in this situation is an example of:

A television advertisement for beer shows young people at the beach drinking and having fun. Based on classical conditioning principles, the advertisers are hoping you will buy the beer because the commercial elicits:

As a consequence for misbehaving, many teachers use "timeout." How does this consequence affect students' behavior?

Pairing the US and CS is essential for _______ to occur.

The initial phase of learning in which a response is first established is known as _________________.

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six As on her report card?