Question 1

________ is a measure of the strength of association used in tables larger than 2 × 2.

Accepted Answer

A) coefficient of variation 
B) Cramer's V 
C) Phi coefficient 
D) Chi-square coefficient 
A) coefficient of variation 
B) Cramer's V 
C) Phi coefficient 
D) Chi-square coefficient

Question 2

Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using frequency distribution?

Accepted Answer

A) What percentage of the market consists of heavy users,medium users,light users,and nonusers? 
B) The heavy and light users of a brand differ in terms of psychographic characteristics. 
C) What is the income distribution of brand users? Is this distribution skewed toward low income brackets? 
D) Both A and C are correct. 
A) What percentage of the market consists of heavy users,medium users,light users,and nonusers? 
B) The heavy and light users of a brand differ in terms of psychographic characteristics. 
C) What is the income distribution of brand users? Is this distribution skewed toward low income brackets? 
D) Both A and C are correct.

Question 3

Define the null and alternative hypotheses.Discuss the relationship between the two hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

A null hypothesis is a statement of the

Question 4

In the context of the Internet usage example,suppose we wanted to test whether the probability of observing a K value of .222,as determined by the normalized z statistic,is 0.103.Because this is more than the significance level of 0.05,the null hypothesis cannot be rejected.What do the results mean?

Accepted Answer

A) The distribution of the Internet usage does deviate significantly from the normal distribution. 
B) The distribution of the Internet usage does not deviate significantly from the normal distribution. 
C) The proportion of users for males and for females is not significantly different for the two samples. 
D) The proportion of users for males and for females is significantly different for the two samples. 
A) The distribution of the Internet usage does deviate significantly from the normal distribution. 
B) The distribution of the Internet usage does not deviate significantly from the normal distribution. 
C) The proportion of users for males and for females is not significantly different for the two samples. 
D) The proportion of users for males and for females is significantly different for the two samples.

Question 5

In cross-tabs,the introduction of a third variable can ________.

Accepted Answer

A) refine the association observed between the two original variables 
B) indicate no association between the two variables,although an association was initially observed 
C) indicate no change in the initial association 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) refine the association observed between the two original variables 
B) indicate no association between the two variables,although an association was initially observed 
C) indicate no change in the initial association 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 6

Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

A) Is familiarity with a new product related to age and education levels after controlling for income? 
B) The department store is being patronized by more than 10 percent of households. 
C) One hotel has a more upscale image than its close competitor. 
D) Both B and C are correct. 
A) Is familiarity with a new product related to age and education levels after controlling for income? 
B) The department store is being patronized by more than 10 percent of households. 
C) One hotel has a more upscale image than its close competitor. 
D) Both B and C are correct.

Question 7

A mathematical distribution whose objective is to obtain a count of the number of responses associated with different values of one variable and to express these counts in percentage terms is a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) t distribution 
B) frequency distribution 
C) chi-square distribution 
D) distribution 
A) t distribution 
B) frequency distribution 
C) chi-square distribution 
D) distribution

Question 8

The measures of location are also known as measures of central tendency because they tend to describe the center of the distribution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Frequency data may be used to construct a histogram,or a vertical bar chart.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The valid percentage column in a frequency distribution represents percentages calculated by excluding the cases with missing values.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

________ is a test statistic that measures the association between two ordinal-level variables.It makes an adjustment for ties and is most appropriate when the table of variable is square.

Accepted Answer

A) Tau b 
B) Symmetric lambda 
C) Tau c 
D) Gamma 
A) Tau b 
B) Symmetric lambda 
C) Tau c 
D) Gamma

Question 12

When the difference in the location of two populations is to be compared based on observations from two independent samples,and the variable is measured on an ordinal scale,the ________ can be used.

Accepted Answer

A) Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test 
B) runs test 
C) binomial test 
D) Mann-Whitney U test 
A) Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test 
B) runs test 
C) binomial test 
D) Mann-Whitney U test

Question 13

The test statistic measures how close the sample has come to the null hypothesis and often follows a well-known distribution,such as the normal,t,or chi-square distribution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A one-sample nonparametric goodness-of-fit test to determine whether the observations for a particular variable could reasonably have come from a particular distribution is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test 
B) runs test 
C) binomial test 
D) Mann-Whitney U test 
A) Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test 
B) runs test 
C) binomial test 
D) Mann-Whitney U test

Question 15

When using the chi-square statistic in cross-tabulation,the null hypothesis (H0)will be rejected only when the calculated value of the test statistic is greater than the critical value of the chi-square distribution with the appropriate degrees of freedom.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

________ is a modified version of the phi correlation coefficient,Φ.

Accepted Answer

A) Cramer's V 
B) coefficient of variation 
C) Asymmetric lambda 
D) Chi-square statistic 
A) Cramer's V 
B) coefficient of variation 
C) Asymmetric lambda 
D) Chi-square statistic

Question 17

Which statement is not correct about cross-tabulations?

Accepted Answer

A) The margins of a cross-tabulation show the same information as the frequency tables for each of the variables. 
B) Cross-tabulation tables are also called contingency tables. 
C) The data are considered to be qualitative or categorical data. 
D) Cross-tabulations provide inferences for making statements about the means of parent populations. 
A) The margins of a cross-tabulation show the same information as the frequency tables for each of the variables. 
B) Cross-tabulation tables are also called contingency tables. 
C) The data are considered to be qualitative or categorical data. 
D) Cross-tabulations provide inferences for making statements about the means of parent populations.

Question 18

The Range = XLargest - XSmallest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test is a goodness of fit test that compares the cumulative distribution function for a variable with a specified distribution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The ________ is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean,expressed as a percentage,and it is a unitless measure of relative variability.

Accepted Answer

A) standard deviation 
B) coefficient of variation 
C) variance 
D) interquartile range 
A) standard deviation 
B) coefficient of variation 
C) variance 
D) interquartile range

Exam 15: Frequency Distribution,cross-Tabulation,and Hypothesis Testing

________ is a measure of the strength of association used in tables larger than 2 × 2.

Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using frequency distribution?

Define the null and alternative hypotheses.Discuss the relationship between the two hypotheses.

In cross-tabs,the introduction of a third variable can ________.

Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is best answered using hypothesis testing?

A mathematical distribution whose objective is to obtain a count of the number of responses associated with different values of one variable and to express these counts in percentage terms is a(n)________.

The measures of location are also known as measures of central tendency because they tend to describe the center of the distribution.

Frequency data may be used to construct a histogram,or a vertical bar chart.

The valid percentage column in a frequency distribution represents percentages calculated by excluding the cases with missing values.

________ is a test statistic that measures the association between two ordinal-level variables.It makes an adjustment for ties and is most appropriate when the table of variable is square.

When the difference in the location of two populations is to be compared based on observations from two independent samples,and the variable is measured on an ordinal scale,the ________ can be used.

The test statistic measures how close the sample has come to the null hypothesis and often follows a well-known distribution,such as the normal,t,or chi-square distribution.

A one-sample nonparametric goodness-of-fit test to determine whether the observations for a particular variable could reasonably have come from a particular distribution is the ________.

When using the chi-square statistic in cross-tabulation,the null hypothesis (H0)will be rejected only when the calculated value of the test statistic is greater than the critical value of the chi-square distribution with the appropriate degrees of freedom.

________ is a modified version of the phi correlation coefficient,Φ.

Which statement is not correct about cross-tabulations?

The Range = XLargest - XSmallest.

The Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test is a goodness of fit test that compares the cumulative distribution function for a variable with a specified distribution.

The ________ is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean,expressed as a percentage,and it is a unitless measure of relative variability.

Introduction to Marketing Research

Defining the Marketing Research Problem and Developing an Approach

Research Design

Exploratory Research Design: Secondary Data

Exploratory Research Design: Qualitative Research

Descriptive Research Design: Survey and Observation

Causal Research Design: Experimentation

Measurement and Scaling: Fundamentals and Comparative Scaling

Measurement and Scaling: Noncomparative Scaling Techniques

Questionnaire and Form Design

Sampling: Design and Procedures

Sampling: Final and Initial Sample Size Determination

Fieldwork

Data Preparation

Analysis of Variance and Covariance

Correlation and Regression

Discriminant and Logit Analysis

Factor Analysis

Cluster Analysis

Multidimensional Scaling and Conjoint Analysis

Structural Equation Modeling and Path Analysis

Report Preparation and Presentation

Filters

When using the chi-square statistic in cross-tabulation,the null hypothesis (H₀)will be rejected only when the calculated value of the test statistic is greater than the critical value of the chi-square distribution with the appropriate degrees of freedom.

The Range = X_Largest - X_Smallest.