Question 1

How many neutrons are emitted when a californium- 249 nucleus (Z=98) is bombarded with a carbon- 12 nucleus to produce a  nucleus ?

Accepted Answer

A)  three 
B)  two 
C)  one 
D)  four 
E)  zero 
A)  three 
B)  two 
C)  one 
D)  four 
E)  zero

Question 2

The major type of cancer caused by radiation is .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The major type of cancer caused by...

Question 3

The initial element used to make cobalt- 60 for cancer radiation therapy is .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The initial element used to make cobalt-...

Question 4

Which one of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All spontaneous nuclear reactions are exothermic. 
B)  All spontaneous nuclear reactions are endothermic. 
C)  Some spontaneous nuclear reactions are exothermic. 
D)  There is no relationship between exothermicity and spontaneity in nuclear reactions. 
E)  Some spontaneous nuclear reactions are endothermic. 
A)  All spontaneous nuclear reactions are exothermic. 
B)  All spontaneous nuclear reactions are endothermic. 
C)  Some spontaneous nuclear reactions are exothermic. 
D)  There is no relationship between exothermicity and spontaneity in nuclear reactions. 
E)  Some spontaneous nuclear reactions are endothermic.

Question 5

The missing product in this reaction combines with oxygen to form a compound with the formula

Accepted Answer

A)  M2O3  
B)  M3O2  
C)  M2O 
D)  MO2  
E)  MO 
A)  M2O3  
B)  M3O2  
C)  M2O 
D)  MO2  
E)  MO

Question 6

What type of reaction is known as a thermonuclear reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  fission 
B)  fusion 
C)  neutron emission 
D)  beta emission 
E)  transmutation 
A)  fission 
B)  fusion 
C)  neutron emission 
D)  beta emission 
E)  transmutation

Question 7

What is the missing product from this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 8

Atoms with the same atomic number and different mass numbers

Accepted Answer

A)  do not exist. 
B)  are resonance structures. 
C)  are allotropes 
D)  are isotopes. 
E)  are isomers. 
A)  do not exist. 
B)  are resonance structures. 
C)  are allotropes 
D)  are isotopes. 
E)  are isomers.

Question 9

Which one of the following can be done to shorten the half- life of the radioactive decay of uranium- 238?

Accepted Answer

A)  heat it 
B)  freeze it 
C)  oxidize it to the +2 oxidation state 
D)  convert it to UF6 
E)  none of the above 
A)  heat it 
B)  freeze it 
C)  oxidize it to the +2 oxidation state 
D)  convert it to UF6 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and that of a neutron is 1.00867 amu. What is the mass defect (in amu) of a 60 Ni nucleus? (The mass of a nickel- 60 nucleus is 59.9308 amu.)

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5449 
B)  28.7930 
C)  1.2374 
D)  1.3066 
E)  0.5505 
A)  0.5449 
B)  28.7930 
C)  1.2374 
D)  1.3066 
E)  0.5505

Question 11

41Ca decays by electron capture. The product of this reaction undergoes alpha decay. What is the product of this second decay reaction ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca 
B)  Ti 
C)  Sc 
D)  Cl 
E)  Ar 
A)  Ca 
B)  Ti 
C)  Sc 
D)  Cl 
E)  Ar

Question 12

Carbon- 11 decays by positron emission:
 
The decay occurs with a release of 2.87 × 1011 J per mole of carbon- 11. When 4.00 g of carbon- 11 undergoes this radioactive decay, _ _ g of mass is converted to energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.28 × 10- 2 
B)  1.16 × 10- 3 
C)  3.48 × 105 
D)  1.16 × 10- 6 
E)  8.62 × 102 
A)  1.28 × 10- 2 
B)  1.16 × 10- 3 
C)  3.48 × 105 
D)  1.16 × 10- 6 
E)  8.62 × 102

Question 13

The beta decay of cesium- 137 has a half- life of 30 years. How many years must pass to reduce a 25 mg sample of cesium 137 to 8.7 mg?

Accepted Answer

A)  52 
B)  50 
C)  32 
D)  3.2 
E)  46 
A)  52 
B)  50 
C)  32 
D)  3.2 
E)  46

Question 14

The energy produced by the sun is the result of nuclear fusion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What is required for a nuclear transmutation to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  a particle to collide with a nucleus 
B)  a corrosive environment 
C)  gamma emission 
D)  very high temperature 
E)  spontaneous nuclear decay 
A)  a particle to collide with a nucleus 
B)  a corrosive environment 
C)  gamma emission 
D)  very high temperature 
E)  spontaneous nuclear decay

Question 16

What isotope of what element is produced if krypton- 81 undergoes beta decay?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What isotope of what element is produced...

Question 17

How many radioactive decay series exist in nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
E)  10 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
E)  10

Question 18

The half- life for the beta decay of potassium- 40 is 1.3 × 109 years. What is the rate constant for this decay?

Accepted Answer

t_1/2= 0.693/k 1.3 × 10⁹y

Question 19

Electrons do not exist in the nucleus, yet beta emission is ejection of electrons from the nucleus. How does this happen?

Accepted Answer

A neutron breaks apart to prod

Question 20

Of the following processes, which one changes the atomic number?

Accepted Answer

A)  electron capture 
B)  positron emission 
C)  alpha emission 
D)  beta emission 
E)  All of these processes change the atomic numbers. 
A)  electron capture 
B)  positron emission 
C)  alpha emission 
D)  beta emission 
E)  All of these processes change the atomic numbers.

Exam 21: Nuclear Chemistry

How many neutrons are emitted when a californium- 249 nucleus (Z=98) is bombarded with a carbon- 12 nucleus to produce a nucleus ?

The major type of cancer caused by radiation is .

The initial element used to make cobalt- 60 for cancer radiation therapy is .

Which one of the following is true?

The missing product in this reaction combines with oxygen to form a compound with the formula

What type of reaction is known as a thermonuclear reaction?

What is the missing product from this reaction?

Atoms with the same atomic number and different mass numbers

Which one of the following can be done to shorten the half- life of the radioactive decay of uranium- 238?

The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and that of a neutron is 1.00867 amu. What is the mass defect (in amu) of a 60 Ni nucleus? (The mass of a nickel- 60 nucleus is 59.9308 amu.)

41Ca decays by electron capture. The product of this reaction undergoes alpha decay. What is the product of this second decay reaction ?

Carbon- 11 decays by positron emission: The decay occurs with a release of 2.87 × 1011 J per mole of carbon- 11. When 4.00 g of carbon- 11 undergoes this radioactive decay, _ _ g of mass is converted to energy.

The beta decay of cesium- 137 has a half- life of 30 years. How many years must pass to reduce a 25 mg sample of cesium 137 to 8.7 mg?

The energy produced by the sun is the result of nuclear fusion.

What is required for a nuclear transmutation to occur?

What isotope of what element is produced if krypton- 81 undergoes beta decay?

How many radioactive decay series exist in nature?

The half- life for the beta decay of potassium- 40 is 1.3 × 109 years. What is the rate constant for this decay?

Electrons do not exist in the nucleus, yet beta emission is ejection of electrons from the nucleus. How does this happen?

Of the following processes, which one changes the atomic number?

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Stoichiometry: Calculations With Chemical Formulas and Equations

Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Electronic Structure of Atoms

Periodic Properties of the Elements

Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding

Gases

Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Modern Materials

Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acid-Base Equilibria

Additional Aspects of Equilibria

Chemistry of the Environment

Chemical Thermodynamics

Electrochemistry

Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Metals and Metallurgy

Chemistry of Coordination Compounds

The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry

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The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and that of a neutron is 1.00867 amu. What is the mass defect (in amu) of a ⁶⁰Ni nucleus? (The mass of a nickel- 60 nucleus is 59.9308 amu.)

⁴¹Ca decays by electron capture. The product of this reaction undergoes alpha decay. What is the product of this second decay reaction ?

Carbon- 11 decays by positron emission: The decay occurs with a release of 2.87 × 10¹¹J per mole of carbon- 11. When 4.00 g of carbon- 11 undergoes this radioactive decay, _ _ g of mass is converted to energy.

The half- life for the beta decay of potassium- 40 is 1.3 × 10⁹years. What is the rate constant for this decay?