Exam 18: Chemistry of the Environment

Of the reactions involved in the photodecomposition of ozone (shown below), which are photochemical? 1) O₂ (g) + hv →O (g) + O (g) 2) O (g) + O₂ (g) + M (g) → O₃ (g) + M^* (g) 3) O₃ (g) + hv →O₂ (g) + O (g) 4) O (g) + O (g) + M (g)→O₂ (g) + M^* (g)

Municipal water treatment consists of five steps beginning with chlorination.

Water containing high concentrations of cations is called hard water.

To reduce lead toxicity, the metal, , is used in the electrodeposition of automobiles to prevent corrosion.

Approximately 90% of the earth's ozone is in the .

The three most concentrated ions in seawater are .

Show how a molecule of C₂F₂Cl₂ can destroy two molecules of ozone, O₃.

Why does the upper atmosphere contain only very little dissociated nitrogen?

Ozone is a(n) of oxygen.

Which one of the following is a source of carbon dioxide in the troposphere?

CO₂ from hydrocarbon combustion creates a major environmental problem that is described as )

The concentration of water vapor in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of water of 0.91 torr and a total pressure of air of 735 torr is _ ppm.

The pressure of the atmosphere .

A chemical bond rupture from the absorption of a photon is called _.

A single individual typically uses the greatest quantity of water for .

The "scale" caused by hard water is _ .

The concept that radiowave propagation was affected by the atmosphere of the earth was discovered by _ .

The C- Cl and C- F bond dissociation energies in CF₃Cl are 339 kJ/mol and 482 kJ/mol, respectively. The maximum wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation required to rupture these bonds are And , respectively.

Incomplete combustion of carbon- containing materials occurs when .

How does lime reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from the burning of coal?