Question 1

Explain the difference between homologous and analogous characters. Which of these should be used in phylogenetic analysis?

Accepted Answer

Analogous characters are traits that are

Question 2

What is the biological species concept? Under what circumstances is this concept difficult to apply?

Accepted Answer

The biological species concept is one of

Question 3

During allopatric speciation, ________ may amplify the initial differences between populations and lead to two new species.

Accepted Answer

A)  microevolution and asexual reproduction 
B)  reinforcement and character displacement 
C)  blending and macroevolution 
D)  phylogeny and disequilibrium 
A)  microevolution and asexual reproduction 
B)  reinforcement and character displacement 
C)  blending and macroevolution 
D)  phylogeny and disequilibrium

Question 4

Consider the following amino acid sequence for three different species, A, B, and C. Each number is a different amino acid. The letter in each cell depicts the nitrogenous base that is associated with each amino acid. Which two species are most closely related based on this part of the genome? Amino Acid

Accepted Answer

A)  Species A and C are most closely related. 
B)  Species A and B are most closely related. 
C)  Species B and C are most closely related. 
D)  All three species are equally related. 
A)  Species A and C are most closely related. 
B)  Species A and B are most closely related. 
C)  Species B and C are most closely related. 
D)  All three species are equally related.

Question 5

The observation that chickens and humans are bipedal but not part of the same taxonomic group is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow. 
B)  ancestry. 
C)  systematics. 
D)  convergent evolution. 
A)  gene flow. 
B)  ancestry. 
C)  systematics. 
D)  convergent evolution.

Question 6

Evolutionary taxonomy uses

Accepted Answer

A)  only morphological similarity to classify organisms. 
B)  only descent to classify organisms. 
C)  both similarity and descent to classify organisms. 
D)  neither similarity nor descent to classify organisms. 
A)  only morphological similarity to classify organisms. 
B)  only descent to classify organisms. 
C)  both similarity and descent to classify organisms. 
D)  neither similarity nor descent to classify organisms.

Question 7

Allopatric speciation is most likely to occur in which of the following scenarios?

Accepted Answer

A)  A large lake is divided into two smaller lakes by a geological process, dividing a single species of fish into two different groups. 
B)  All of the "parent" species of a new species go extinct, reducing gene flow between populations. 
C)  There are two distinct possible feeding strategies within a given population, causing the rise of two species living in the same geographic area. 
D)  A mutation changes the mating ritual followed by a subset of individuals in a population, and they end up forming an all-new species. 
A)  A large lake is divided into two smaller lakes by a geological process, dividing a single species of fish into two different groups. 
B)  All of the "parent" species of a new species go extinct, reducing gene flow between populations. 
C)  There are two distinct possible feeding strategies within a given population, causing the rise of two species living in the same geographic area. 
D)  A mutation changes the mating ritual followed by a subset of individuals in a population, and they end up forming an all-new species.

Question 8

According to the ecological species concept, species boundaries

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot be maintained without good geographical separation. 
B)  are very flexible, so closely related species are easily confused. 
C)  are maintained by genetic drift. 
D)  are maintained by selection, even if they overlap in geography. 
A)  cannot be maintained without good geographical separation. 
B)  are very flexible, so closely related species are easily confused. 
C)  are maintained by genetic drift. 
D)  are maintained by selection, even if they overlap in geography.

Question 9

Adaptive radiation occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  a mutation caused by solar radiation produces adaptations. 
B)  a population expands across a uniform habitat. 
C)  multiple new species are produced because subpopulations adapt to new environments. 
D)  a species loses adaptations through mutation. 
A)  a mutation caused by solar radiation produces adaptations. 
B)  a population expands across a uniform habitat. 
C)  multiple new species are produced because subpopulations adapt to new environments. 
D)  a species loses adaptations through mutation.

Question 10

What is macroevolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  the formation of new species 
B)  the death of individuals 
C)  evolutionary change within a species 
D)  the extinction of a species 
A)  the formation of new species 
B)  the death of individuals 
C)  evolutionary change within a species 
D)  the extinction of a species

Question 11

Explain the difference between ancestral and derived characters.

Accepted Answer

Ancestral characters appear in the fossi

Question 12

For a given pair of closely related species, an ancestral character is

Accepted Answer

A)  found in the common ancestor of the group, but is lost in both of the descendant species. 
B)  replaced by derived characters at the point of the split of the last common ancestor into two new species. 
C)  found in the last common ancestor of the pair, and may be present in one, both, or neither of the species. 
D)  found in the last common ancestor of the pair and at least one of the species. 
A)  found in the common ancestor of the group, but is lost in both of the descendant species. 
B)  replaced by derived characters at the point of the split of the last common ancestor into two new species. 
C)  found in the last common ancestor of the pair, and may be present in one, both, or neither of the species. 
D)  found in the last common ancestor of the pair and at least one of the species.

Question 13

When daughter species first diverge from each other, they are most likely to differ in

Accepted Answer

A)  morphological traits. 
B)  traits related to making a living or choosing mates. 
C)  features of their genome. 
D)  traits related to their life histories. 
A)  morphological traits. 
B)  traits related to making a living or choosing mates. 
C)  features of their genome. 
D)  traits related to their life histories.

Question 14

Give a hypothetical example of allopatric speciation.

Accepted Answer

Students can use the example of allopatr

Question 15

Scientists should only use derived traits to construct phylogenies because

Accepted Answer

A)  many fossil species retain only derived traits. 
B)  derived traits are under greater genetic control than are analogous and homologous traits. 
C)  all organisms have homologous traits. 
D)  analogous and homologous traits do not tell us anything about close phylogenetic relationships. 
A)  many fossil species retain only derived traits. 
B)  derived traits are under greater genetic control than are analogous and homologous traits. 
C)  all organisms have homologous traits. 
D)  analogous and homologous traits do not tell us anything about close phylogenetic relationships.

Question 16

According to the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that

Accepted Answer

A)  share a very similar morphology. 
B)  share the same geographical and environmental circumstances. 
C)  interbreed and are reproductively isolated from other like groups. 
D)  share genetic information. 
A)  share a very similar morphology. 
B)  share the same geographical and environmental circumstances. 
C)  interbreed and are reproductively isolated from other like groups. 
D)  share genetic information.

Question 17

Which of the following does sympatric speciation involve?

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection favoring different adaptations within a similar environment and within a population 
B)  natural selection favoring adaptations to a similar environment by geographically separated groups 
C)  a mother population divided into two physically separated populations, and adapting to distinct environments 
D)  a small subset of the population becoming isolated, followed by random genetic drift 
A)  natural selection favoring different adaptations within a similar environment and within a population 
B)  natural selection favoring adaptations to a similar environment by geographically separated groups 
C)  a mother population divided into two physically separated populations, and adapting to distinct environments 
D)  a small subset of the population becoming isolated, followed by random genetic drift

Question 18

According to the ecological species concept, why do individuals within a species remain similar to each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals in the same environment experience similar natural selection pressures. 
B)  Lack of gene flow prevents the mixing of genes. 
C)  Individuals in the same population share DNA. 
D)  Individuals in the same environment sometimes experience different selection pressures. 
A)  Individuals in the same environment experience similar natural selection pressures. 
B)  Lack of gene flow prevents the mixing of genes. 
C)  Individuals in the same population share DNA. 
D)  Individuals in the same environment sometimes experience different selection pressures.

Question 19

Explain why shared ancestral characters do not yield good information about relationships between species.

Accepted Answer

An ancestral character is found in most

Question 20

Consider species A, B, and C, who share a knuckle-walking common ancestor. Species A and B are bipedal. Species C is a knuckle walker. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B are more closely related to each other than to C. 
B)  A and C are more closely related to each other than to B. 
C)  C and B are more closely related to each other than to A. 
D)  A, B and C most likely emerged at the same time from the common ancestor. 
A)  A and B are more closely related to each other than to C. 
B)  A and C are more closely related to each other than to B. 
C)  C and B are more closely related to each other than to A. 
D)  A, B and C most likely emerged at the same time from the common ancestor.

Explain the difference between homologous and analogous characters. Which of these should be used in phylogenetic analysis?

What is the biological species concept? Under what circumstances is this concept difficult to apply?

During allopatric speciation, ________ may amplify the initial differences between populations and lead to two new species.

The observation that chickens and humans are bipedal but not part of the same taxonomic group is an example of

Evolutionary taxonomy uses

Allopatric speciation is most likely to occur in which of the following scenarios?

According to the ecological species concept, species boundaries

Adaptive radiation occurs when

What is macroevolution?

Explain the difference between ancestral and derived characters.

For a given pair of closely related species, an ancestral character is

When daughter species first diverge from each other, they are most likely to differ in

Give a hypothetical example of allopatric speciation.

Scientists should only use derived traits to construct phylogenies because

According to the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that

Which of the following does sympatric speciation involve?

According to the ecological species concept, why do individuals within a species remain similar to each other?

Explain why shared ancestral characters do not yield good information about relationships between species.

Consider species A, B, and C, who share a knuckle-walking common ancestor. Species A and B are bipedal. Species C is a knuckle walker. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetics and Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters

Exam 4: Speciation and Phylogeny

Explain the difference between homologous and analogous characters. Which of these should be used in phylogenetic analysis?

What is the biological species concept? Under what circumstances is this concept difficult to apply?

During allopatric speciation, ________ may amplify the initial differences between populations and lead to two new species.

The observation that chickens and humans are bipedal but not part of the same taxonomic group is an example of

Evolutionary taxonomy uses

Allopatric speciation is most likely to occur in which of the following scenarios?

According to the ecological species concept, species boundaries

Adaptive radiation occurs when

What is macroevolution?

Explain the difference between ancestral and derived characters.

For a given pair of closely related species, an ancestral character is

When daughter species first diverge from each other, they are most likely to differ in

Give a hypothetical example of allopatric speciation.

Scientists should only use derived traits to construct phylogenies because

According to the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that

Which of the following does sympatric speciation involve?

According to the ecological species concept, why do individuals within a species remain similar to each other?

Explain why shared ancestral characters do not yield good information about relationships between species.

Consider species A, B, and C, who share a knuckle-walking common ancestor. Species A and B are bipedal. Species C is a knuckle walker. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

Adaptation by Natural Selection

Genetics

The Modern Synthesis

Primate Diversity and Ecology

Primate Mating Systems

The Evolution of Cooperation

Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

From Tree Shrew to Ape

The Earliest Hominins

Early Homo and H Erectus 26-1 Ma

The Neanderthals and Their Contemporaries

Homo Sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

Human Genetics and Variation

Evolution and Human Behavior

Culture, Cooperation, and Human Uniqueness

Filters