Question 1

Carolyn Rovee-Collier's research used a moving mobile or a moving train to assess infant memory. This research shows

Accepted Answer

A)  a steady improvement in memory during the first 18 months of life. 
B)  no consistent pattern in memory development because the measure of memory used for the first 6 months yields very different data from the measure of memory used later in infancy. 
C)  a very low level of correct responses during the first 6 months, because infants' brain development is incomplete, followed by a very rapid increase in memory. 
D)  a very rapid increase in memory during the first 6 months, followed by a more gradual increase and then a plateau. 
A)  a steady improvement in memory during the first 18 months of life. 
B)  no consistent pattern in memory development because the measure of memory used for the first 6 months yields very different data from the measure of memory used later in infancy. 
C)  a very low level of correct responses during the first 6 months, because infants' brain development is incomplete, followed by a very rapid increase in memory. 
D)  a very rapid increase in memory during the first 6 months, followed by a more gradual increase and then a plateau.

Question 2

Researchers have used Carolyn Rovee-Collier's conjugate reinforcement technique to assess memory during infancy. According to this research,

Accepted Answer

A)  infants show no measurable signs of memory until they are at least 4 months of age. 
B)  if you change the environmental context in which the mobile is presented, infants show much lower retention. 
C)  context apparently does not influence infants' memory. 
D)  unlike adults, infants show no evidence of the spacing effect. 
A)  infants show no measurable signs of memory until they are at least 4 months of age. 
B)  if you change the environmental context in which the mobile is presented, infants show much lower retention. 
C)  context apparently does not influence infants' memory. 
D)  unlike adults, infants show no evidence of the spacing effect.

Question 3

Ryan, age 16, is talking to his mother. He claims to remember a visit to England when he was only 18 months old. Ryan's mother, skeptical, suggests that he really only remembers hearing about the trip, because his parents talked about it so much over the years. Ryan's mother is suggesting that Ryan has made a

Accepted Answer

A)  source monitoring error. 
B)  conjugate reinforcement error. 
C)  utilization deficiency error. 
D)  sensory memory failure. 
A)  source monitoring error. 
B)  conjugate reinforcement error. 
C)  utilization deficiency error. 
D)  sensory memory failure.

Question 4

Air traffic controllers are required to retire at the age of 56. This is because of age-related declines in

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term memory. 
B)  working memory. 
C)  autobiographical memory. 
D)  logical reasoning. 
A)  long-term memory. 
B)  working memory. 
C)  autobiographical memory. 
D)  logical reasoning.

Question 5

According to the discussion of infants' memory,

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no evidence of long-term memory until infants are about 6 months of age. 
B)  the major problem in studying infants' memory is that babies cannot accurately see visual stimuli until they are 3-4 months old. 
C)  it is so difficult to measure infants' memory that we do not know much about the memory skills of young infants. 
D)  in the infants' brain, some parts concerned with memory are not fully developed. 
A)  there is no evidence of long-term memory until infants are about 6 months of age. 
B)  the major problem in studying infants' memory is that babies cannot accurately see visual stimuli until they are 3-4 months old. 
C)  it is so difficult to measure infants' memory that we do not know much about the memory skills of young infants. 
D)  in the infants' brain, some parts concerned with memory are not fully developed.

Question 6

What can we conclude about memory in elderly people?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their implicit memory is substantially less accurate than that of young adults. 
B)  Elderly people show rapid declines in recognition memory. 
C)  Elderly people usually remember more material in the afternoon than in the morning. 
D)  Elderly people sometimes have more difficulty than young adults on long-term recall tasks. 
A)  Their implicit memory is substantially less accurate than that of young adults. 
B)  Elderly people show rapid declines in recognition memory. 
C)  Elderly people usually remember more material in the afternoon than in the morning. 
D)  Elderly people sometimes have more difficulty than young adults on long-term recall tasks.

Question 7

Studies of children's memory show that rehearsal

Accepted Answer

A)  is a highly effective memory strategy. 
B)  is more likely in older children than in younger children. 
C)  often occurs spontaneously in children as young as 2. 
D)  is only helpful on long-term memory tasks. 
A)  is a highly effective memory strategy. 
B)  is more likely in older children than in younger children. 
C)  often occurs spontaneously in children as young as 2. 
D)  is only helpful on long-term memory tasks.

Question 8

What can we conclude about children's memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children's memory spans are remarkably similar to adults' memory spans. 
B)  In general, children have excellent recognition memory. 
C)  Children's recall memory does not improve substantially as they mature. 
D)  Young children tend to recall items much more accurately than they recognize them. 
A)  Children's memory spans are remarkably similar to adults' memory spans. 
B)  In general, children have excellent recognition memory. 
C)  Children's recall memory does not improve substantially as they mature. 
D)  Young children tend to recall items much more accurately than they recognize them.

Question 9

Suppose that a 4-year-old boy has just visited the zoo. He is describing what he saw, first to an adult, and then to his 2-year-old sister. You would expect to find that

Accepted Answer

A)  he uses the same kind of language for both people. 
B)  he inappropriately uses more complicated language for his sister than for the adult. 
C)  he uses more complicated language for the adult than for his sister. 
D)  he would use more complicated language for the adult only if he is gifted in language skills. 
A)  he uses the same kind of language for both people. 
B)  he inappropriately uses more complicated language for his sister than for the adult. 
C)  he uses more complicated language for the adult than for his sister. 
D)  he would use more complicated language for the adult only if he is gifted in language skills.

Question 10

Which of the following topics would be especially interesting to child psychologists who want to investigate theory of mind?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do children realize that parents can remember a longer list of words than children do? 
B)  Which is a more effective memory strategy for 10-year-olds, imagery or organization? 
C)  Do children perform better on implicit memory tasks or explicit memory tasks? 
D)  Can utilization deficit explain children's poor performance on recall tasks? 
A)  Do children realize that parents can remember a longer list of words than children do? 
B)  Which is a more effective memory strategy for 10-year-olds, imagery or organization? 
C)  Do children perform better on implicit memory tasks or explicit memory tasks? 
D)  Can utilization deficit explain children's poor performance on recall tasks?

Question 11

Jason is a 10-year-old boy who knows that a science test is scheduled for tomorrow morning. According to the discussion of children's metacognition, Jason probably

Accepted Answer

A)  believes that he doesn't need to spend much time studying for the test. 
B)  plans to use distributed learning in studying for the test. 
C)  can accurately assess which items he has mastered and which require more study. 
D)  plans to use at least two different memory strategies in studying for the test. 
A)  believes that he doesn't need to spend much time studying for the test. 
B)  plans to use distributed learning in studying for the test. 
C)  can accurately assess which items he has mastered and which require more study. 
D)  plans to use at least two different memory strategies in studying for the test.

Question 12

Older adults are more likely than younger adults to

Accepted Answer

A)  be able to monitor their memory performance accurately. 
B)  select the most difficult items for further study rather than studying items that they have already mastered. 
C)  know which memory strategies are most effective. 
D)  be overconfident on working memory tasks. 
A)  be able to monitor their memory performance accurately. 
B)  select the most difficult items for further study rather than studying items that they have already mastered. 
C)  know which memory strategies are most effective. 
D)  be overconfident on working memory tasks.

Question 13

Psychologists favor the lifespan approach to development because

Accepted Answer

A)  it illustrates that the changes during late adulthood are even more dramatic than the changes during infancy. 
B)  the research techniques are more valid than when other approaches are used. 
C)  it demonstrates that the cognitive changes between infancy and old age are relatively minor. 
D)  it emphasizes that people continue to develop throughout their lifetime. 
A)  it illustrates that the changes during late adulthood are even more dramatic than the changes during infancy. 
B)  the research techniques are more valid than when other approaches are used. 
C)  it demonstrates that the cognitive changes between infancy and old age are relatively minor. 
D)  it emphasizes that people continue to develop throughout their lifetime.

Question 14

Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about memory in elderly adults, as opposed to younger adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kanako: "Elderly adults are much more likely to have decreased frontal-lobe activation." 
B)  Stacey: "Elderly adults often have more trouble paying attention." 
C)  Curtis: "Elderly adults have much more trouble using strategies to enhance their performance on long-term memory tasks." 
D)  Juan: "Elderly adults have much more trouble on implicit memory tasks." 
A)  Kanako: "Elderly adults are much more likely to have decreased frontal-lobe activation." 
B)  Stacey: "Elderly adults often have more trouble paying attention." 
C)  Curtis: "Elderly adults have much more trouble using strategies to enhance their performance on long-term memory tasks." 
D)  Juan: "Elderly adults have much more trouble on implicit memory tasks."

Question 15

Studies on infants' recognition of their mothers show that

Accepted Answer

A)  infants recognize their mother's face for the first time when they are about 4 months old. 
B)  infants can recognize their mother's face and voice before they reach the age of 1 week. 
C)  it is so difficult to test infants' memory that we cannot test infants' face or voice recognition until they are about 2 months of age. 
D)  infants' perceptual skills are so limited that they cannot recognize either the face or the voice of their mother until 6 months of age. 
A)  infants recognize their mother's face for the first time when they are about 4 months old. 
B)  infants can recognize their mother's face and voice before they reach the age of 1 week. 
C)  it is so difficult to test infants' memory that we cannot test infants' face or voice recognition until they are about 2 months of age. 
D)  infants' perceptual skills are so limited that they cannot recognize either the face or the voice of their mother until 6 months of age.

Question 16

Chapter 13 examined an experiment by Leichtman and Ceci on preschool children's eyewitness testimony. According to this research,

Accepted Answer

A)  children's expectations about a stranger's behavior did not affect their recall. 
B)  children's memory may not be perfect, but they can distinguish between what really happened and a false statement of what had happened. 
C)  children in the control condition were not very accurate in recalling events. 
D)  under certain circumstances, young children are fairly likely to report events inaccurately. 
A)  children's expectations about a stranger's behavior did not affect their recall. 
B)  children's memory may not be perfect, but they can distinguish between what really happened and a false statement of what had happened. 
C)  children in the control condition were not very accurate in recalling events. 
D)  under certain circumstances, young children are fairly likely to report events inaccurately.

Question 17

According to the research on children's memory, the imagery strategy

Accepted Answer

A)  is clearly the most useful mnemonic device that children can use in order to remember items. 
B)  can be taught to children as a mnemonic device, but it only aids working memory. 
C)  has not been demonstrated to be useful for children younger than 10 years of age. 
D)  can sometimes be used effectively as a mnemonic device for children as young as 6 years of age. 
A)  is clearly the most useful mnemonic device that children can use in order to remember items. 
B)  can be taught to children as a mnemonic device, but it only aids working memory. 
C)  has not been demonstrated to be useful for children younger than 10 years of age. 
D)  can sometimes be used effectively as a mnemonic device for children as young as 6 years of age.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of the concept overregularization?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child asks an embarrassing question to a stranger. 
B)  A child shows inappropriate fast mapping. 
C)  A child says, "I eated my cereal." 
D)  A child talks to a younger child, using overly difficult language. 
A)  A child asks an embarrassing question to a stranger. 
B)  A child shows inappropriate fast mapping. 
C)  A child says, "I eated my cereal." 
D)  A child talks to a younger child, using overly difficult language.

Question 19

Young Jamie tells his mother, "Doggy runned away from me." The use of "runned" is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  fast mapping. 
B)  overextension. 
C)  overregularization. 
D)  syntax. 
A)  fast mapping. 
B)  overextension. 
C)  overregularization. 
D)  syntax.

Question 20

Suppose that a 4-year-old and a 10-year-old are working together to make a surprise birthday card for their father. Later, they tell their father which parts each of them constructed. Based on the material in Chapter 13, you would expect to find that

Accepted Answer

A)  the two children have similar accuracy, because working memory does not vary much with age. 
B)  the two children have similar accuracy, because source monitoring does not vary much with age. 
C)  the older child is more accurate, because the 4-year-old child will demonstrate almost complete childhood amnesia. 
D)  the older child is more accurate, because source monitoring is more accurate for older children. 
A)  the two children have similar accuracy, because working memory does not vary much with age. 
B)  the two children have similar accuracy, because source monitoring does not vary much with age. 
C)  the older child is more accurate, because the 4-year-old child will demonstrate almost complete childhood amnesia. 
D)  the older child is more accurate, because source monitoring is more accurate for older children.

Carolyn Rovee-Collier's research used a moving mobile or a moving train to assess infant memory. This research shows

Researchers have used Carolyn Rovee-Collier's conjugate reinforcement technique to assess memory during infancy. According to this research,

Air traffic controllers are required to retire at the age of 56. This is because of age-related declines in

According to the discussion of infants' memory,

What can we conclude about memory in elderly people?

Studies of children's memory show that rehearsal

What can we conclude about children's memory?

Suppose that a 4-year-old boy has just visited the zoo. He is describing what he saw, first to an adult, and then to his 2-year-old sister. You would expect to find that

Which of the following topics would be especially interesting to child psychologists who want to investigate theory of mind?

Jason is a 10-year-old boy who knows that a science test is scheduled for tomorrow morning. According to the discussion of children's metacognition, Jason probably

Older adults are more likely than younger adults to

Psychologists favor the lifespan approach to development because

Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about memory in elderly adults, as opposed to younger adults?

Studies on infants' recognition of their mothers show that

Chapter 13 examined an experiment by Leichtman and Ceci on preschool children's eyewitness testimony. According to this research,

According to the research on children's memory, the imagery strategy

Which of the following is an example of the concept overregularization?

Young Jamie tells his mother, "Doggy runned away from me." The use of "runned" is an example of

Suppose that a 4-year-old and a 10-year-old are working together to make a surprise birthday card for their father. Later, they tell their father which parts each of them constructed. Based on the material in Chapter 13, you would expect to find that

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Exam 13: Cognitive Development Throughout the Lifespan

Carolyn Rovee-Collier's research used a moving mobile or a moving train to assess infant memory. This research shows

Researchers have used Carolyn Rovee-Collier's conjugate reinforcement technique to assess memory during infancy. According to this research,

Air traffic controllers are required to retire at the age of 56. This is because of age-related declines in

According to the discussion of infants' memory,

What can we conclude about memory in elderly people?

Studies of children's memory show that rehearsal

What can we conclude about children's memory?

Suppose that a 4-year-old boy has just visited the zoo. He is describing what he saw, first to an adult, and then to his 2-year-old sister. You would expect to find that

Which of the following topics would be especially interesting to child psychologists who want to investigate theory of mind?

Jason is a 10-year-old boy who knows that a science test is scheduled for tomorrow morning. According to the discussion of children's metacognition, Jason probably

Older adults are more likely than younger adults to

Psychologists favor the lifespan approach to development because

Which of the following students provides the most accurate information about memory in elderly adults, as opposed to younger adults?

Studies on infants' recognition of their mothers show that

Chapter 13 examined an experiment by Leichtman and Ceci on preschool children's eyewitness testimony. According to this research,

According to the research on children's memory, the imagery strategy

Which of the following is an example of the concept overregularization?

Young Jamie tells his mother, "Doggy runned away from me." The use of "runned" is an example of

Suppose that a 4-year-old and a 10-year-old are working together to make a surprise birthday card for their father. Later, they tell their father which parts each of them constructed. Based on the material in Chapter 13, you would expect to find that

An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Visual and Auditory Recognition

Attention and Consciousness

Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Memory Strategies and Metacognition

Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps

General Knowledge

Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension

Language Ii: Language Production and Bilingualism

Problem Solving and Creativity

Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters