Question 1

Transformation in bacteria results from the uptake of which molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA 
B) DNA 
C) lipid 
D) protein 
E) polysaccharide 
A) RNA 
B) DNA 
C) lipid 
D) protein 
E) polysaccharide

Question 2

Both Spo11 and Cas9 are enzymes that create double-strand breaks in DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Exposure of which of the following regions of a molecule of DNA permits the reading of DNA sequence without opening the double helix?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate groups 
B) phosphodiester bonds 
C) major groove 
D) minor groove 
A) phosphate groups 
B) phosphodiester bonds 
C) major groove 
D) minor groove

Question 4

A virus that infects bacterial cells is known as a

Accepted Answer

A) retrovirus 
B) reovirus 
C) bacteriophage 
D) bacteriovirus 
E) parvovirus 
A) retrovirus 
B) reovirus 
C) bacteriophage 
D) bacteriovirus 
E) parvovirus

Question 5

The step of DNA replication in which two replication forks moving in opposite directions may meet is called

Accepted Answer

A) initiation. 
B) elongation. 
C) termination. 
D) translation. 
E) translocation. 
A) initiation. 
B) elongation. 
C) termination. 
D) translation. 
E) translocation.

Question 6

The polarity of DNA synthesis is

Accepted Answer

A) 5'→3'. 
B) 3'→5'. 
C) 5'→2'. 
D) 2'→5'. 
A) 5'→3'. 
B) 3'→5'. 
C) 5'→2'. 
D) 2'→5'.

Question 7

The full chemical name of DNA is

Accepted Answer

A) derived nucleic acid. 
B) dideoxyribonucleic acid. 
C) denatured ribonucleic acid. 
D) deoxyribonucleic acid. 
A) derived nucleic acid. 
B) dideoxyribonucleic acid. 
C) denatured ribonucleic acid. 
D) deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 8

Which one of the following is not an element found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen 
B) sulfur 
C) nitrogen 
D) phosphorous 
E) hydrogen 
A) oxygen 
B) sulfur 
C) nitrogen 
D) phosphorous 
E) hydrogen

Question 9

During DNA replication, an incoming nucleotide is enzymatically joined to the preceding nucleotide by a(n)________ bond.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen 
B) ionic 
C) phosphodiester 
D) electrostatic 
A) hydrogen 
B) ionic 
C) phosphodiester 
D) electrostatic

Question 10

The ratio of ________ in DNA is 1:1.

Accepted Answer

A) guanine to adenine 
B) adenine to thymine 
C) cytosine to adenine 
D) uracil to cytosine 
A) guanine to adenine 
B) adenine to thymine 
C) cytosine to adenine 
D) uracil to cytosine

Question 11

How many replication forks depart from an origin of replication?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four

Question 12

A single DNA molecule contains two specific target sites separated by an intervening sequence.If site-specific recombination between these sites causes the intervening sequence to be released as a separate circular DNA molecule containing one target site, then the sites were oriented in

Accepted Answer

A) opposite directions causing excision. 
B) the same direction causing excision. 
C) opposite directions causing integration. 
D) the same direction causing integration. 
E) the same direction causing inversion. 
A) opposite directions causing excision. 
B) the same direction causing excision. 
C) opposite directions causing integration. 
D) the same direction causing integration. 
E) the same direction causing inversion.

Question 13

Homologous recombination occurs in a heterozygote in which alleles D and d differ by a single base pair.The D allele has a G at one position, whereas the d allele has a C at the same position.If branch migration causes heteroduplex formation across this position, what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

A) Both D and d alleles will remain unchanged because G can base pair with C. 
B) Mismatch repair will identify an abnormal G-G base pair and may convert the D allele to a d allele. 
C) Mismatch repair will identify an abnormal C-G base pair and will ensure that the cell has two copies of each allele. 
D) Mismatches will cause the Holliday junction to be unstable and to resolve by the noncrossover pathway. 
A) Both D and d alleles will remain unchanged because G can base pair with C. 
B) Mismatch repair will identify an abnormal G-G base pair and may convert the D allele to a d allele. 
C) Mismatch repair will identify an abnormal C-G base pair and will ensure that the cell has two copies of each allele. 
D) Mismatches will cause the Holliday junction to be unstable and to resolve by the noncrossover pathway.

Question 14

Avery and colleagues purified a white substance as the transforming principle.Treating this substance with enzymes that destroyed RNA, protein, or polysaccharides did not affect its ability to transform cells, but enzyme that degrades DNA destroyed the transforming ability.These results suggested that

Accepted Answer

A) their transforming principle was not entirely pure. 
B) the transforming principle appeared to be DNA. 
C) the test for transformation was not accurate. 
D) a single gene could transform bacterial cells. 
E) both DNA and proteins are required for transformation. 
A) their transforming principle was not entirely pure. 
B) the transforming principle appeared to be DNA. 
C) the test for transformation was not accurate. 
D) a single gene could transform bacterial cells. 
E) both DNA and proteins are required for transformation.

Question 15

Recombination occurs during meiotic

Accepted Answer

A) anaphase 
B) interphase 
C) prophase 
D) metaphase 
A) anaphase 
B) interphase 
C) prophase 
D) metaphase

Question 16

If a chemical inhibitor of DNA ligase was added to bacterial cells after DNA replication initiation, the outcome would be

Accepted Answer

A) elongation of both strands would not occur without ligase to join new nucleotides together. 
B) elongation would occur, but Okazaki fragments would not be joined together. 
C) elongation of the lagging strand, but not the leading strand would occur. 
D) normal replication would proceed as DNA ligase is not required for this process. 
E) too many supercoils would build up in the DNA, resulting in a halting of elongation. 
A) elongation of both strands would not occur without ligase to join new nucleotides together. 
B) elongation would occur, but Okazaki fragments would not be joined together. 
C) elongation of the lagging strand, but not the leading strand would occur. 
D) normal replication would proceed as DNA ligase is not required for this process. 
E) too many supercoils would build up in the DNA, resulting in a halting of elongation.

Question 17

Which of the following is not true of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) It is acidic. 
B) It contains deoxyribose. 
C) It is found in cell nuclei. 
D) It contains phosphate. 
E) It contains amino acids. 
A) It is acidic. 
B) It contains deoxyribose. 
C) It is found in cell nuclei. 
D) It contains phosphate. 
E) It contains amino acids.

Question 18

Suppose that in the future, scientists identify bacteria on Mars and these organisms lack a site-specific recombination system.Which components would allow for site-specific recombination to occur in these bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) FRT target sites and Flp recombinase 
B) FRT target sites and Cas9 enzyme 
C) an FRT target site and a loxP site 
D) a synthetic homologous chromosome 
A) FRT target sites and Flp recombinase 
B) FRT target sites and Cas9 enzyme 
C) an FRT target site and a loxP site 
D) a synthetic homologous chromosome

Question 19

The step of DNA replication in which the proteins connect the correct sequence of nucleotides into a continuous new strand is called

Accepted Answer

A) initiation. 
B) elongation. 
C) termination. 
D) translation. 
E) translocation. 
A) initiation. 
B) elongation. 
C) termination. 
D) translation. 
E) translocation.

Question 20

The normal functions of Spo11 and Cas9 enzymes are different because

Accepted Answer

A) Spo11 produces double-strand breaks during meiosis, whereas Cas9 functions during mitosis. 
B) Spo11 produces site-specific double-strand breaks during meiosis, whereas Cas9 breaks DNA at random genomic locations. 
C) Spo11 produces double-strand breaks in many genomic locations during meiosis, whereas Cas9 is targeted to specific sequences by a CRISPR RNA. 
D) Spo11 produces double-strand breaks at sequences targeted by RNAs expressed during meiosis, whereas Cas9 has the ability to recognize DNA sequences without an RNA. 
E) Spo11 is unique to yeast, whereas Cas9 occurs in most higher eukaryotes. 
A) Spo11 produces double-strand breaks during meiosis, whereas Cas9 functions during mitosis. 
B) Spo11 produces site-specific double-strand breaks during meiosis, whereas Cas9 breaks DNA at random genomic locations. 
C) Spo11 produces double-strand breaks in many genomic locations during meiosis, whereas Cas9 is targeted to specific sequences by a CRISPR RNA. 
D) Spo11 produces double-strand breaks at sequences targeted by RNAs expressed during meiosis, whereas Cas9 has the ability to recognize DNA sequences without an RNA. 
E) Spo11 is unique to yeast, whereas Cas9 occurs in most higher eukaryotes.

Exam 6: DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Transformation in bacteria results from the uptake of which molecule?

Both Spo11 and Cas9 are enzymes that create double-strand breaks in DNA.

Exposure of which of the following regions of a molecule of DNA permits the reading of DNA sequence without opening the double helix?

A virus that infects bacterial cells is known as a

The step of DNA replication in which two replication forks moving in opposite directions may meet is called

The polarity of DNA synthesis is

The full chemical name of DNA is

Which one of the following is not an element found in DNA?

During DNA replication, an incoming nucleotide is enzymatically joined to the preceding nucleotide by a(n)________ bond.

The ratio of ________ in DNA is 1:1.

How many replication forks depart from an origin of replication?

A single DNA molecule contains two specific target sites separated by an intervening sequence.If site-specific recombination between these sites causes the intervening sequence to be released as a separate circular DNA molecule containing one target site, then the sites were oriented in

Homologous recombination occurs in a heterozygote in which alleles D and d differ by a single base pair.The D allele has a G at one position, whereas the d allele has a C at the same position.If branch migration causes heteroduplex formation across this position, what is the expected outcome?

Recombination occurs during meiotic

If a chemical inhibitor of DNA ligase was added to bacterial cells after DNA replication initiation, the outcome would be

Which of the following is not true of DNA?

Suppose that in the future, scientists identify bacteria on Mars and these organisms lack a site-specific recombination system.Which components would allow for site-specific recombination to occur in these bacteria?

The step of DNA replication in which the proteins connect the correct sequence of nucleotides into a continuous new strand is called

The normal functions of Spo11 and Cas9 enzymes are different because

Genetics: the Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: the Flow of Information From Dna to Rna to Protein

Digital Analysis of Dna

Genome Annotation

Analyzing Genomic Variation

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

The Genetics of Complex Traits

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