Question 1

When a solid melts,

Accepted Answer

A)  the temperature of the substance increases. 
B)  the temperature of the substance decreases. 
C)  heat energy leaves the substance. 
D)  heat energy enters the substance. 
A)  the temperature of the substance increases. 
B)  the temperature of the substance decreases. 
C)  heat energy leaves the substance. 
D)  heat energy enters the substance.

Question 2

1.000 L of water at 20.00°C will occupy what volume if it is heated to 80.00°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10-6/°C. (Express your answer to 4 significant figures.)

Accepted Answer

A)  1.600 L 
B)  1.326 L 
C)  1.013 L 
D)  0.9870 L 
E)  0.9987 L 
A)  1.600 L 
B)  1.326 L 
C)  1.013 L 
D)  0.9870 L 
E)  0.9987 L

Question 3

A sealed container holds 0.020 moles of nitrogen (N2) gas, at a pressure of 1.5 atmospheres and a temperature of 290 K. The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0 g/mol. The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K. The mass density of the gas is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  0.90 kg/m3. 
B)  1.3 kg/m3. 
C)  1.8 kg/m3. 
D)  2.2 kg/m3. 
E)  2.6 kg/m3. 
A)  0.90 kg/m3. 
B)  1.3 kg/m3. 
C)  1.8 kg/m3. 
D)  2.2 kg/m3. 
E)  2.6 kg/m3.

Question 4

A brass rod is 40.1 cm long and an aluminum rod is 79.3 cm long when both rods are at an initial temperature of 0°C. The rods are placed in line with a gap of 0.60 cm between them, as shown in the figure. The distance between the far ends of the rods is maintained at 120.0 cm throughout. The temperature of both rods is raised until the two rods are barely in contact. The coefficients of linear expansion of brass and aluminum are 2.0 × 10-5 K-1 and 2.4 × 10-5 K-1, respectively. The temperature at which contact of the rods barely occurs is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  220°C. 
B)  210°C. 
C)  200°C. 
D)  230°C. 
E)  240°C. 
A)  220°C. 
B)  210°C. 
C)  200°C. 
D)  230°C. 
E)  240°C.

Question 5

The exterior of a supersonic airplane is made of aluminum, which has a coefficient of linear expansion of 24 × 10-6 K-1. At 15°C, the plane measures 62.1 m in length. When the plane is in flight, friction with the air increases the temperature of the exterior skin to 200°C. What is the change in the length of the outer skin of the plane?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 cm 
B)  24 cm 
C)  28 cm 
D)  32 cm 
E)  36 cm 
A)  20 cm 
B)  24 cm 
C)  28 cm 
D)  32 cm 
E)  36 cm

Question 6

How many moles of water (H2O) molecules are in a 4.00 m3 container at a pressure 8.00 × 105 N/m2 and temperature 600°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K
= 0)0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  7.72 × 1026 mol 
B)  641 mol 
C)  441 mol 
D)  3.86 × 1026 mol 
E)  2.65 × 1026 mol 
A)  7.72 × 1026 mol 
B)  641 mol 
C)  441 mol 
D)  3.86 × 1026 mol 
E)  2.65 × 1026 mol

Question 7

A vertical tube that is closed at the upper end and open at the lower end contains an air pocket. The open end of the tube is under the water of a lake, as shown in the figure. When the lower end of the tube is just under the surface of the lake, where the temperature is 37°C and the pressure is 1.0 × 105 Pa, the air pocket occupies a volume of   . Suppose now that the lower end of the tube is at a depth of 86 m in the lake, where the temperature is 7.0°C. What is the volume of the air pocket under these conditions? The density of the water in the lake is 1000 kg/m3.

Accepted Answer

Question 8

An ideal gas is at a pressure 1.00 × 105 N/m2 and occupies a volume 2.00 m3. If the gas is compressed to a volume 1.00 m3 while the temperature remains constant, what will be the new pressure in the gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.500 × 105 N/m2 
B)  4.00 × 105 N/m2 
C)  1.00 × 105 N/m2 
D)  2.00 × 105 N/m2 
E)  The answer depends on the mass of the gas particles. 
A)  0.500 × 105 N/m2 
B)  4.00 × 105 N/m2 
C)  1.00 × 105 N/m2 
D)  2.00 × 105 N/m2 
E)  The answer depends on the mass of the gas particles.

Question 9

2.0 L of an ideal nitrogen gas (N2) are at 0.00°C and 1.0 atm. The ideal gas constant is
R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K, Avogadro's number is 6.022 × 1023 molecules/mol, and the ATOMIC mass of nitrogen is 14 g/mol.
(a) Determine the number of moles of N2.
(b) How many molecules of N2 are present?
(c) What is the mass of this gas?

Accepted Answer

(a) 0.089

Question 10

A sealed 26-   tank is filled with 2000 moles of oxygen gas (O2) at an initial temperature of 270 K. The gas is heated to a final temperature of 460 K. The ATOMIC mass of oxygen is 16.0 g/mol, and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K. The final pressure of the gas is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  0.29 MPa. 
B)  0.31 MPa. 
C)  0.33 MPa. 
D)  0.34 MPa. 
E)  0.36 MPa. 
A)  0.29 MPa. 
B)  0.31 MPa. 
C)  0.33 MPa. 
D)  0.34 MPa. 
E)  0.36 MPa.

Question 11

The figure shows a pV diagram for 0.0066 mol of gas that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. What is the pressure p2. The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  5.3 atm 
B)  5.3 × 105 atm 
C)  16 atm 
D)  1.6 × 106 atm 
A)  5.3 atm 
B)  5.3 × 105 atm 
C)  16 atm 
D)  1.6 × 106 atm

Question 12

Two identical concrete slabs lie flat and in contact with each other as shown in the figure. If the temperature increases by 40°C, the lower edges opposite the contact edges remained fixed in position, and the lower edges of the contact side remain in contact, at what angle will the slabs be tilted? The coefficient of thermal expansion of the concrete is 10 × 10-6/K.

Accepted Answer

A)  19° 
B)  0.028° 
C)  15° 
D)  1.6° 
E)  The answer depends on the length of the slabs. 
A)  19° 
B)  0.028° 
C)  15° 
D)  1.6° 
E)  The answer depends on the length of the slabs.

Question 13

What is the mass density of argon gas at pressure 1.00 × 105 N/m2 and at temperature 300 K? The mean atomic mass of argon is 39.948 g/mol and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K =   .

Accepted Answer

A)  1.40 kg/m3 
B)  1.00 kg/m3 
C)  1.20 kg/m3 
D)  1.60 kg/m3 
E)  1.80 kg/m3 
A)  1.40 kg/m3 
B)  1.00 kg/m3 
C)  1.20 kg/m3 
D)  1.60 kg/m3 
E)  1.80 kg/m3

Question 14

A sealed 89-   tank is filled with 6000 moles of oxygen gas (O2) at an initial temperature of 270 K. The gas is heated to a final temperature of 350 K. The ATOMIC mass of oxygen is 16.0 g/mol, and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K. The initial pressure of the gas is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  0.15 MPa. 
B)  0.17 MPa. 
C)  0.19 MPa. 
D)  0.13 MPa. 
E)  0.11 MPa. 
A)  0.15 MPa. 
B)  0.17 MPa. 
C)  0.19 MPa. 
D)  0.13 MPa. 
E)  0.11 MPa.

Question 15

The figure shows a pV diagram for 8.3 g of nitrogen gas (N2) in a sealed container. The temperature T1 of the gas in state 1 is 79°C. What are (a) the pressure p1 of the gas in state 1 and (b) the temperature T2 of the gas in state 2? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K =   , and the ATOMIC weight of nitrogen is 14 g/mol.

Accepted Answer

A)  (a) 86 atm, (b) 700°C. 
B)  (a) 19 atm, (b) 700°C. 
C)  (a) 86 atm, (b) 160°C. 
D)  (a) 19 atm, (b) 160°C. 
A)  (a) 86 atm, (b) 700°C. 
B)  (a) 19 atm, (b) 700°C. 
C)  (a) 86 atm, (b) 160°C. 
D)  (a) 19 atm, (b) 160°C.

Question 16

Suppose that a steel bridge, 1000 m long, was built without any expansion joints and that only one end of the bridge was held fixed. What would the difference in the length of the bridge be between winter and summer, taking a typical winter temperature as 0.00°C, and a typical summer temperature as 40°C? The coefficient of thermal expansion of steel is 10.5 × 10-6 K-1.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.42 m 
B)  0.11 mm 
C)  0.11 m 
D)  0.42 mm 
E)  0.37 cm 
A)  0.42 m 
B)  0.11 mm 
C)  0.11 m 
D)  0.42 mm 
E)  0.37 cm

Question 17

The figure (not to scale) shows a pV diagram for 1.8 g of helium gas (He) that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. Find the value of V3. The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K, and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.

Accepted Answer

A)  17 L 
B)  69 L 
C)  34 L 
D)  8.6 L 
A)  17 L 
B)  69 L 
C)  34 L 
D)  8.6 L

Question 18

(a) Internal human body temperature is often stated to be normal at 98.6°F. What is this temperature on the Celsius and Kelvin scales?
(b) Gallium boils at 2205°C. What is the corresponding temperature in the Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales?
(c) The boiling point of liquid nitrogen is 77.0 K. What is the corresponding temperature in the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales?

Accepted Answer

(a) 37.0°C, 310 K (b

Question 19

A certain metal has a coefficient of linear expansion of 2.00 × 10-5 K-1. It has been kept in a laboratory oven at 325°C for a long time. It is now removed from the oven and placed in a freezer at -145°C. After it has reached freezer temperature, the percent change in its density during this process is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  +2.90%. 
B)  -2.90%. 
C)  +2.74%. 
D)  -2.74%. 
E)  It is not possible to tell without knowing the mass and original volume of the metal. 
A)  +2.90%. 
B)  -2.90%. 
C)  +2.74%. 
D)  -2.74%. 
E)  It is not possible to tell without knowing the mass and original volume of the metal.

Question 20

When a vapor condenses,

Accepted Answer

A)  the temperature of the substance increases. 
B)  the temperature of the substance decreases. 
C)  heat energy leaves the substance. 
D)  heat energy enters the substance. 
A)  the temperature of the substance increases. 
B)  the temperature of the substance decreases. 
C)  heat energy leaves the substance. 
D)  heat energy enters the substance.

Exam 18: A Macroscopic Description of Matter

When a solid melts,

1.000 L of water at 20.00°C will occupy what volume if it is heated to 80.00°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10-6/°C. (Express your answer to 4 significant figures.)

How many moles of water (H2O) molecules are in a 4.00 m3 container at a pressure 8.00 × 105 N/m2 and temperature 600°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0)0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

An ideal gas is at a pressure 1.00 × 105 N/m2 and occupies a volume 2.00 m3. If the gas is compressed to a volume 1.00 m3 while the temperature remains constant, what will be the new pressure in the gas?

The figure shows a pV diagram for 0.0066 mol of gas that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. What is the pressure p2. The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

What is the mass density of argon gas at pressure 1.00 × 105 N/m2 and at temperature 300 K? The mean atomic mass of argon is 39.948 g/mol and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = .

The figure (not to scale) shows a pV diagram for 1.8 g of helium gas (He) that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. Find the value of V3. The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K, and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.

When a vapor condenses,

Concepts of Motion

Kinematics in One Dimension

Vectors and Coordinate Systems

Kinematics in Two Dimensions

Force and Motion

Dynamics I: Motion Along a Line

Newtons Third Law

Dynamics Ii: Motion in a Plane

Work and Kinetic Energy

Interactions and Potential Energy

Impulse and Momentum

Rotation of a Rigid Body

Newtons Theory of Gravity

Fluids and Elasticity

Oscillations

Traveling Waves

Superposition

Work, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics

The Micromacro Connection

Heat Engines and Refrigerators

Electric Charges and Forces

The Electric Field

Gausss Law

The Electric Potential

Potential and Field

Current and Resistance

Fundamentals of Circuits

The Magnetic Field

Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Fields and Waves

Ac Circuits

Wave Optics

Ray Optics

Optical Instruments

Relativity

The Foundations of Modern Physics

Quantization

Wave Functions and Uncertainty

One-Dimensional Quantum Mechanics

Atomic Physics

Nuclear Physics

Filters

1.000 L of water at 20.00°C will occupy what volume if it is heated to 80.00°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10^-6/°C. (Express your answer to 4 significant figures.)

How many moles of water (H₂O) molecules are in a 4.00 m³ container at a pressure 8.00 × 10⁵ N/m² and temperature 600°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0)0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

An ideal gas is at a pressure 1.00 × 10⁵ N/m² and occupies a volume 2.00 m³. If the gas is compressed to a volume 1.00 m³ while the temperature remains constant, what will be the new pressure in the gas?

The figure shows a pV diagram for 0.0066 mol of gas that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. What is the pressure p₂. The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

What is the mass density of argon gas at pressure 1.00 × 10⁵ N/m² and at temperature 300 K? The mean atomic mass of argon is 39.948 g/mol and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = .

The figure (not to scale) shows a pV diagram for 1.8 g of helium gas (He) that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. Find the value of V₃. The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K, and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.