Question 1

The main parts of the juxtaglomerular apparatus are the

Accepted Answer

A)  principal cells and macula densa. 
B)  granular cells and macula densa. 
C)  granular cells and intercalated cells. 
D)  intercalated cells and principal cells. 
E)  principal cells and granular cells. 
A)  principal cells and macula densa. 
B)  granular cells and macula densa. 
C)  granular cells and intercalated cells. 
D)  intercalated cells and principal cells. 
E)  principal cells and granular cells.

Question 2

The word "countercurrent" within "countercurrent multiplier" refers to the opposite direction of flow of

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium and potassium across the wall of the nephron. 
B)  tubular fluid within the ascending and descending limb of the nephron loop. 
C)  salts and water across the wall of the renal tubule. 
D)  tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule. 
A)  sodium and potassium across the wall of the nephron. 
B)  tubular fluid within the ascending and descending limb of the nephron loop. 
C)  salts and water across the wall of the renal tubule. 
D)  tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule.

Question 3

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate. 
B)  stimulates reabsorption of calcium but inhibits phosphate reabsorption. 
C)  inhibits reabsorption of calcium but stimulates phosphate reabsorption. 
D)  inhibits reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate. 
A)  stimulates reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate. 
B)  stimulates reabsorption of calcium but inhibits phosphate reabsorption. 
C)  inhibits reabsorption of calcium but stimulates phosphate reabsorption. 
D)  inhibits reabsorption of both calcium and phosphate.

Question 4

Contrast the effects of aldosterone and ADH on water reabsorption in the kidney. How are they similar and how do they differ?

Accepted Answer

Both hormones increase water reabsorptio

Question 5

The presence of proteins in the plasma tends to

Accepted Answer

A)  push fluid across the filtration membrane. 
B)  draw fluid back into the glomerulus. 
A)  push fluid across the filtration membrane. 
B)  draw fluid back into the glomerulus.

Question 6

The tubular pole of the renal corpuscle is where afferent and efferent arterioles attach to the glomerulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation.
A: Capsular space of glomerulus
B: Nephron loop
C: Collecting duct
D: Distal convoluted tubule
E: Proximal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

A)  a, c, b, e, d 
B)  e, d, b, a, c 
C)  b, e, c, d, a 
D)  b, d, c, e, a 
E)  a, e, b, d, c 
A)  a, c, b, e, d 
B)  e, d, b, a, c 
C)  b, e, c, d, a 
D)  b, d, c, e, a 
E)  a, e, b, d, c

Question 8

The countercurrent multiplier is a system by which the

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron loop multiplies the concentration of salts in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla. 
B)  nephron loop dilutes the concentration of solutes in the tubular fluid at its hairpin turn. 
C)  vasa recta secretes multiple amounts of metabolic wastes against their concentration gradient. 
D)  vasa recta becomes more concentrated with nitrogenous wastes than the urine. 
A)  nephron loop multiplies the concentration of salts in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla. 
B)  nephron loop dilutes the concentration of solutes in the tubular fluid at its hairpin turn. 
C)  vasa recta secretes multiple amounts of metabolic wastes against their concentration gradient. 
D)  vasa recta becomes more concentrated with nitrogenous wastes than the urine.

Question 9

The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from most other capillary networks in the body because they

Accepted Answer

A)  carry only deoxygenated blood. 
B)  drain into an arteriole instead of a venule. 
C)  contain no endothelium. 
D)  absorb nutrients from the glomerular capsule. 
E)  secrete mucus. 
A)  carry only deoxygenated blood. 
B)  drain into an arteriole instead of a venule. 
C)  contain no endothelium. 
D)  absorb nutrients from the glomerular capsule. 
E)  secrete mucus.

Question 10

The paranephric fat is deep to the fibrous capsule of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

After the hairpin turn in the vasa recta, the blood within it starts to lose salt and gain water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In the process of urine formation, first

Accepted Answer

A)  filtrate is formed, then tubular fluid, then urine. 
B)  tubular fluid is formed, then filtrate, then urine. 
A)  filtrate is formed, then tubular fluid, then urine. 
B)  tubular fluid is formed, then filtrate, then urine.

Question 13

In response to low blood ________, the kidneys secrete ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium; renin 
B)  oxygen; erythropoietin 
C)  sodium; calcitriol 
D)  potassium; erythropoietin 
E)  glucose; calcitriol 
A)  calcium; renin 
B)  oxygen; erythropoietin 
C)  sodium; calcitriol 
D)  potassium; erythropoietin 
E)  glucose; calcitriol

Question 14

Sympathetic stimulation causes

Accepted Answer

A)  mesangial cells to release angiotensin, which ultimately leads to granular cell contraction. 
B)  mesangial cells to release angiotensin, which ultimately leads to granular cell relaxation. 
C)  granular cells to release renin, which ultimately leads to mesangial cell contraction. 
D)  granular cells to release renin, which ultimately leads to mesangial cell relaxation. 
E)  inhibited release of erythropoietin and contraction of granular and mesangial cells. 
A)  mesangial cells to release angiotensin, which ultimately leads to granular cell contraction. 
B)  mesangial cells to release angiotensin, which ultimately leads to granular cell relaxation. 
C)  granular cells to release renin, which ultimately leads to mesangial cell contraction. 
D)  granular cells to release renin, which ultimately leads to mesangial cell relaxation. 
E)  inhibited release of erythropoietin and contraction of granular and mesangial cells.

Question 15

The triangular area within the urinary bladder that is delimited by the openings of the ureters and the urethra is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The triangular area within the urinary bladder...

Question 16

Increases in the levels of plasma proteins result in increases in net filtration pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Granular cells synthesize and release the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensinogen. 
B)  antidiuretic hormone. 
C)  renin. 
D)  calcitriol. 
A)  angiotensinogen. 
B)  antidiuretic hormone. 
C)  renin. 
D)  calcitriol.

Question 18

The countercurrent multiplier is a negative feedback mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Sympathetic nervous system influences on glomerular filtration rate are considered ________ controls.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic 
B)  extrinsic 
A)  intrinsic 
B)  extrinsic

Question 20

An adult human kidney typically contains ________ renal pyramid(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  2 to 5 
B)  8 to 15 
C)  16 to 24 
D)  1 
E)  30 to 40 
A)  2 to 5 
B)  8 to 15 
C)  16 to 24 
D)  1 
E)  30 to 40

Exam 24: Urinary System

The main parts of the juxtaglomerular apparatus are the

The word "countercurrent" within "countercurrent multiplier" refers to the opposite direction of flow of

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Contrast the effects of aldosterone and ADH on water reabsorption in the kidney. How are they similar and how do they differ?

The presence of proteins in the plasma tends to

The tubular pole of the renal corpuscle is where afferent and efferent arterioles attach to the glomerulus.

Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation. A: Capsular space of glomerulus B: Nephron loop C: Collecting duct D: Distal convoluted tubule E: Proximal convoluted tubule

The countercurrent multiplier is a system by which the

The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from most other capillary networks in the body because they

The paranephric fat is deep to the fibrous capsule of the kidney.

After the hairpin turn in the vasa recta, the blood within it starts to lose salt and gain water.

In the process of urine formation, first

In response to low blood ________, the kidneys secrete ________.

Sympathetic stimulation causes

The triangular area within the urinary bladder that is delimited by the openings of the ureters and the urethra is called the ________.

Increases in the levels of plasma proteins result in increases in net filtration pressure.

Granular cells synthesize and release the enzyme

The countercurrent multiplier is a negative feedback mechanism.

Sympathetic nervous system influences on glomerular filtration rate are considered ________ controls.

An adult human kidney typically contains ________ renal pyramid(s).

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In response to low blood , the kidneys secrete .