Question 1

Urine flow from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder is produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  ciliary action in the renal pelvis. 
B)  suction from the urinary bladder. 
C)  peristalsis of the ureters. 
D)  hydrostatic pressure from the small intestine. 
E)  contraction of the detrusor muscle. 
A)  ciliary action in the renal pelvis. 
B)  suction from the urinary bladder. 
C)  peristalsis of the ureters. 
D)  hydrostatic pressure from the small intestine. 
E)  contraction of the detrusor muscle.

Question 2

The largest possible amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed or secreted across a kidney tubule wall in a given duration of time is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtration rate. 
B)  renal threshold. 
C)  transport maximum. 
D)  net filtration pressure. 
E)  renal clearance exponent. 
A)  glomerular filtration rate. 
B)  renal threshold. 
C)  transport maximum. 
D)  net filtration pressure. 
E)  renal clearance exponent.

Question 3

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of

Accepted Answer

A)  blood in the nephron capsule. 
B)  tubular fluid in the glomerular capsule. 
C)  blood in the glomerular capillaries. 
D)  filtrate in the glomerular capillaries. 
E)  solutes in the tubular fluid. 
A)  blood in the nephron capsule. 
B)  tubular fluid in the glomerular capsule. 
C)  blood in the glomerular capillaries. 
D)  filtrate in the glomerular capillaries. 
E)  solutes in the tubular fluid.

Question 4

How are nephrons, collecting ducts, and collecting tubules related to each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  One collecting duct drains into one nephron, and one nephron drains into one collecting tubule. 
B)  One nephron drains into one collecting tubule, and several collecting tubules empty into a collecting duct. 
C)  One nephron drains into one collecting duct, and several collecting ducts empty into a collecting tubule. 
D)  One collecting tubule drains into one nephron, and several nephrons drain into one collecting duct. 
E)  One nephron drains into several collecting tubules, and all tubules eventually lead to one collecting duct. 
A)  One collecting duct drains into one nephron, and one nephron drains into one collecting tubule. 
B)  One nephron drains into one collecting tubule, and several collecting tubules empty into a collecting duct. 
C)  One nephron drains into one collecting duct, and several collecting ducts empty into a collecting tubule. 
D)  One collecting tubule drains into one nephron, and several nephrons drain into one collecting duct. 
E)  One nephron drains into several collecting tubules, and all tubules eventually lead to one collecting duct.

Question 5

Which accurately describes the handling of urea by the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the urea that reaches the kidney is excreted in the urine. 
B)  About half of the urea that is filtered is excreted in the urine. 
C)  None of the urea that reaches the kidney is excreted in the urine. 
A)  All of the urea that reaches the kidney is excreted in the urine. 
B)  About half of the urea that is filtered is excreted in the urine. 
C)  None of the urea that reaches the kidney is excreted in the urine.

Question 6

Increases in capsular hydrostatic pressure result in increases in net filtration pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Large proteins and red blood cells normally pass freely through the filtration membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

If someone is bleeding severely, the body's adaptive response is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore increase GFR. 
B)  increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR. 
C)  decrease sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR. 
D)  decrease sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore increase GFR. 
A)  increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore increase GFR. 
B)  increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR. 
C)  decrease sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR. 
D)  decrease sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore increase GFR.

Question 9

How are the processes of reabsorption and secretion related?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both involve movement of material from the blood into the tubular fluid. 
B)  Materials move in opposite directions: reabsorption moves materials into the blood, whereas secretion removes them from the blood. 
C)  Materials move in opposite directions: secretion moves materials into the blood, whereas reabsorption removes them from the blood. 
D)  They both involve movement of material from the tubular fluid into the blood. 
A)  They both involve movement of material from the blood into the tubular fluid. 
B)  Materials move in opposite directions: reabsorption moves materials into the blood, whereas secretion removes them from the blood. 
C)  Materials move in opposite directions: secretion moves materials into the blood, whereas reabsorption removes them from the blood. 
D)  They both involve movement of material from the tubular fluid into the blood.

Question 10

Blood colloid osmotic pressure opposes glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The average adult kidney weighs about 100 grams and measures about

Accepted Answer

A)  12 cm long, 6.5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick. 
B)  8 cm long, 4 cm wide, and 1.5 cm thick. 
C)  15 cm long, 10.5 cm wide, and 4.5 cm thick. 
D)  8 cm long, 10.5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick. 
E)  12 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, and 8 cm thick. 
A)  12 cm long, 6.5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick. 
B)  8 cm long, 4 cm wide, and 1.5 cm thick. 
C)  15 cm long, 10.5 cm wide, and 4.5 cm thick. 
D)  8 cm long, 10.5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick. 
E)  12 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, and 8 cm thick.

Question 12

Cortical nephrons have their corpuscles near the ________ edge of the cortex and are the ________ common type of nephron.

Accepted Answer

A)  deeper; more 
B)  deeper; less 
C)  peripheral; more 
D)  peripheral; less 
A)  deeper; more 
B)  deeper; less 
C)  peripheral; more 
D)  peripheral; less

Question 13

The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal capsule. 
B)  minor calyx. 
C)  renal pelvis. 
D)  renal sinus. 
E)  renal cortex. 
A)  renal capsule. 
B)  minor calyx. 
C)  renal pelvis. 
D)  renal sinus. 
E)  renal cortex.

Question 14

The pattern of venous drainage in the kidney differs from the arterial supply in that there are no arcuate or segmental veins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal cortex 
B)  Renal sinus 
C)  Renal pelvis 
D)  Renal medulla 
E)  Renal papilla 
A)  Renal cortex 
B)  Renal sinus 
C)  Renal pelvis 
D)  Renal medulla 
E)  Renal papilla

Question 16

Which is not a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulation of blood pressure 
B)  Removal of wastes from the blood 
C)  Regulation of erythrocyte production 
D)  Regulation of lymphocyte production 
E)  Regulation of acid-base balance 
A)  Regulation of blood pressure 
B)  Removal of wastes from the blood 
C)  Regulation of erythrocyte production 
D)  Regulation of lymphocyte production 
E)  Regulation of acid-base balance

Question 17

Mesangial cells help keep the basement membrane clean by

Accepted Answer

A)  secreting emulsifying agents that dissolve trapped particles. 
B)  engulfing macromolecules caught in its basement membrane. 
C)  opening larger pores in the membrane so that trapped particles move across. 
D)  secreting antibodies that attack the molecules caught in the endothelium. 
A)  secreting emulsifying agents that dissolve trapped particles. 
B)  engulfing macromolecules caught in its basement membrane. 
C)  opening larger pores in the membrane so that trapped particles move across. 
D)  secreting antibodies that attack the molecules caught in the endothelium.

Question 18

Put the portions of the male urethra in the correct order, from the urinary bladder to the exterior.
A: Spongy part
B: Urethral orifice
C: Prostatic part
D: Membranous part

Accepted Answer

A)  b, c, a, d 
B)  c, a, d, b 
C)  b, c, d, a 
D)  c, d, a, b 
E)  b, a, c, d 
A)  b, c, a, d 
B)  c, a, d, b 
C)  b, c, d, a 
D)  c, d, a, b 
E)  b, a, c, d

Question 19

What is the value of transitional epithelium in the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its cilia help propel the urine. 
B)  It can contract to produce peristalsis. 
C)  It allows distension. 
D)  It protects against trauma. 
E)  It provides cushioning. 
A)  Its cilia help propel the urine. 
B)  It can contract to produce peristalsis. 
C)  It allows distension. 
D)  It protects against trauma. 
E)  It provides cushioning.

Question 20

If the filtration membrane were made more porous, how would you expect the glomerular filtration rate to change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase 
B)  Decrease 
C)  No change 
A)  Increase 
B)  Decrease 
C)  No change

Exam 24: Urinary System

Urine flow from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder is produced by

The largest possible amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed or secreted across a kidney tubule wall in a given duration of time is known as the

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of

How are nephrons, collecting ducts, and collecting tubules related to each other?

Which accurately describes the handling of urea by the kidney?

Increases in capsular hydrostatic pressure result in increases in net filtration pressure.

Large proteins and red blood cells normally pass freely through the filtration membrane.

If someone is bleeding severely, the body's adaptive response is to

How are the processes of reabsorption and secretion related?

Blood colloid osmotic pressure opposes glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

The average adult kidney weighs about 100 grams and measures about

Cortical nephrons have their corpuscles near the ________ edge of the cortex and are the ________ common type of nephron.

The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the

The pattern of venous drainage in the kidney differs from the arterial supply in that there are no arcuate or segmental veins.

Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidney?

Which is not a function of the kidneys?

Mesangial cells help keep the basement membrane clean by

Put the portions of the male urethra in the correct order, from the urinary bladder to the exterior. A: Spongy part B: Urethral orifice C: Prostatic part D: Membranous part

What is the value of transitional epithelium in the urinary system?

If the filtration membrane were made more porous, how would you expect the glomerular filtration rate to change?

The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Energy, Chemical Reactions, and Cellular Respiration

Biology of the Cell

Tissue Organization

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function

Skeletal System: Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

Skeletal System: Articulations

Muscle Tissue

Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular Muscles

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue

Nervous System: Brain and Cranial Nerves

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System

Nervous System: Senses

Endocrine System

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: Heart

Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System

Immune System and the Bodys Defense

Respiratory System

Fluid and Electrolytes

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Reproductive System

Development, Pregnancy, and Heredity

Filters

Cortical nephrons have their corpuscles near the edge of the cortex and are the common type of nephron.