Question 1

Stimulation of granular cells by the sympathetic nervous system causes them to

Accepted Answer

A)  contract. 
B)  relax. 
C)  release calcitriol. 
D)  increase endocytosis. 
A)  contract. 
B)  relax. 
C)  release calcitriol. 
D)  increase endocytosis.

Question 2

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is located

Accepted Answer

A)  within the renal sinus. 
B)  in the renal papilla. 
C)  in the perinephric fat. 
D)  inside the tubular pole of the glomerulus. 
E)  near the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle. 
A)  within the renal sinus. 
B)  in the renal papilla. 
C)  in the perinephric fat. 
D)  inside the tubular pole of the glomerulus. 
E)  near the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle.

Question 3

Type A and Type B cells of kidney tubules are types of principal cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

During prolonged fasting, the kidneys produce glucose from noncarbohydrate sources.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which is not correct regarding the innervation of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasympathetic innervation is from the vagus nerve. 
B)  The kidney is served by the renal plexus. 
C)  Sympathetic innervation is from segments T10-T12 of the spinal cord. 
D)  Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction of the renal blood vessels. 
E)  Parasympathetic stimulation decreases the rate of filtrate formation. 
A)  Parasympathetic innervation is from the vagus nerve. 
B)  The kidney is served by the renal plexus. 
C)  Sympathetic innervation is from segments T10-T12 of the spinal cord. 
D)  Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction of the renal blood vessels. 
E)  Parasympathetic stimulation decreases the rate of filtrate formation.

Question 6

Select all that have regulated reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose 
B)  Sodium 
C)  Water 
D)  Calcium 
A)  Glucose 
B)  Sodium 
C)  Water 
D)  Calcium

Question 7

The diffusion of urea out of the distal convoluted tubule is an important part of maintaining the concentration gradient of the renal medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Generally, the higher the renal plasma clearance of a given drug, the more frequently the drug must be given in order to be effective.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The specific gravity of urine is its density compared to that of water, and the more solutes urine has, the higher its specific gravity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Gross & microscopic anatomy of the urinary tract, including detailed histology of the nephron.  
-This figure shows a frontal section of the kidney. Which number(s) indicate a renal papilla?

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 7 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  9 
E)  10 
A)  2, 7 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  9 
E)  10

Question 11

The kidneys are located ________ the peritoneum.

Accepted Answer

A)  within 
B)  anterior to 
C)  posterior to 
A)  within 
B)  anterior to 
C)  posterior to

Question 12

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste product produced from nucleic acid breakdown in the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urea 
B)  Deoxyribose 
C)  Uric acid 
D)  Creatinine 
A)  Urea 
B)  Deoxyribose 
C)  Uric acid 
D)  Creatinine

Question 13

Macula densa cells signal granular cells to release renin through paracrine stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

As it is leaving the kidney, blood passes directly from the arcuate vein to the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal vein. 
B)  vasa recta. 
C)  segmental vein. 
D)  interlobar vein. 
E)  interlobular vein. 
A)  renal vein. 
B)  vasa recta. 
C)  segmental vein. 
D)  interlobar vein. 
E)  interlobular vein.

Question 15

Collecting ducts are larger than collecting tubules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Careful measurements of GFR are made by injection of ________, but approximations of GFR can be made more simply by measuring renal plasma clearance of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  creatine phosphate; insulin 
B)  insulin; creatine phosphate 
C)  inulin; creatinine 
D)  creatinine; inulin 
A)  creatine phosphate; insulin 
B)  insulin; creatine phosphate 
C)  inulin; creatinine 
D)  creatinine; inulin

Question 17

The glomerulus is part of the renal tubule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The reabsorption of both sodium and potassium is carefully regulated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The renal threshold of a substance refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of protein transporters for the substance per tubule. 
B)  the plasma concentration of the substance below which it does not appear in the urine. 
C)  the concentration of the substance found in the kidney before the substance becomes toxic. 
D)  the concentration of the substance in the urine that results in an overall increase in urine volume. 
A)  the number of protein transporters for the substance per tubule. 
B)  the plasma concentration of the substance below which it does not appear in the urine. 
C)  the concentration of the substance found in the kidney before the substance becomes toxic. 
D)  the concentration of the substance in the urine that results in an overall increase in urine volume.

Question 20

Both aspirin and morphine are eliminated in the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 24: Urinary System

Stimulation of granular cells by the sympathetic nervous system causes them to

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is located

Type A and Type B cells of kidney tubules are types of principal cells.

During prolonged fasting, the kidneys produce glucose from noncarbohydrate sources.

Which is not correct regarding the innervation of the kidney?

Select all that have regulated reabsorption.

The diffusion of urea out of the distal convoluted tubule is an important part of maintaining the concentration gradient of the renal medulla.

Generally, the higher the renal plasma clearance of a given drug, the more frequently the drug must be given in order to be effective.

The specific gravity of urine is its density compared to that of water, and the more solutes urine has, the higher its specific gravity.

Gross & microscopic anatomy of the urinary tract, including detailed histology of the nephron. -This figure shows a frontal section of the kidney. Which number(s) indicate a renal papilla?

The kidneys are located ________ the peritoneum.

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste product produced from nucleic acid breakdown in the liver?

Macula densa cells signal granular cells to release renin through paracrine stimulation.

As it is leaving the kidney, blood passes directly from the arcuate vein to the

Collecting ducts are larger than collecting tubules.

Careful measurements of GFR are made by injection of ________, but approximations of GFR can be made more simply by measuring renal plasma clearance of ________.

The glomerulus is part of the renal tubule.

The reabsorption of both sodium and potassium is carefully regulated.

The renal threshold of a substance refers to

Both aspirin and morphine are eliminated in the urine.

The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Energy, Chemical Reactions, and Cellular Respiration

Biology of the Cell

Tissue Organization

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function

Skeletal System: Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

Skeletal System: Articulations

Muscle Tissue

Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular Muscles

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue

Nervous System: Brain and Cranial Nerves

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System

Nervous System: Senses

Endocrine System

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: Heart

Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System

Immune System and the Bodys Defense

Respiratory System

Fluid and Electrolytes

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Reproductive System

Development, Pregnancy, and Heredity

Filters

Careful measurements of GFR are made by injection of , but approximations of GFR can be made more simply by measuring renal plasma clearance of .