Question 1

Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci is made by using

Accepted Answer

A) immunodiffusion against the PCP antigen 
B) culture 
C) RT-PCR 
D) microscopy with direct immunofluorescence 
A) immunodiffusion against the PCP antigen 
B) culture 
C) RT-PCR 
D) microscopy with direct immunofluorescence D

Question 2

A pregnant woman in France is less likely to have toxoplasmosis during her pregnancy than a pregnant woman in the United States because

Accepted Answer

A) the organism T. gondii does not live in France 
B) she is much more likely to have developed Toxoplasmosis prior to her pregnancy 
C) consumption of wine with food kills the Toxoplasma gondii 
D) women in France have more allergies, which inhibit parasitic infections 
A) the organism T. gondii does not live in France 
B) she is much more likely to have developed Toxoplasmosis prior to her pregnancy 
C) consumption of wine with food kills the Toxoplasma gondii 
D) women in France have more allergies, which inhibit parasitic infections B

Question 3

On x-ray, a ball appears to be in the lungs of a patient who is coughing up blood. The patient had pneumonia1 year ago and has a job bidding on and selling dusty things from repossessed storage units. Antigen testing shows galactomannan and b-glucan antigens. What do you think is growing in the patient's lungs?

Accepted Answer

A) Blastomyces dermatitidis 
B) Candidemia 
C) Coccidioides 
D) Aspergillus 
A) Blastomyces dermatitidis 
B) Candidemia 
C) Coccidioides 
D) Aspergillus D

Question 4

Fungi are

Accepted Answer

A) eukaryotic with cell walls made of chitin and glucan 
B) prokaryotic with cell walls made of peptidoglycan 
C) multicellular in yeast form 
D) unicellular in mold form 
A) eukaryotic with cell walls made of chitin and glucan 
B) prokaryotic with cell walls made of peptidoglycan 
C) multicellular in yeast form 
D) unicellular in mold form

Question 5

Worldwide fungal infections are increasing because

Accepted Answer

A) the number of immunocompromised people is increasing 
B) global warming is causing an increase in damp days 
C) currently used building materials are more likely to mold than the natural material that formerly was used 
D) all of the above 
A) the number of immunocompromised people is increasing 
B) global warming is causing an increase in damp days 
C) currently used building materials are more likely to mold than the natural material that formerly was used 
D) all of the above

Question 6

Toxoplasmosis

Accepted Answer

A) causes severe problems including eye damage for babies infected in utero 
B) is detected by an immunodiffusion assay for the M and F antigens 
C) has a capsule that can be visualized with India ink 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) causes severe problems including eye damage for babies infected in utero 
B) is detected by an immunodiffusion assay for the M and F antigens 
C) has a capsule that can be visualized with India ink 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 7

The parasitic infection Cryptosporidium parvum is

Accepted Answer

A) native to India and seen in travelers and immigrants from there 
B) native to Malaysia and seen in travelers and immigrants from there 
C) seen all over the world and has caused large outbreaks in the United States 
D) none of the above 
A) native to India and seen in travelers and immigrants from there 
B) native to Malaysia and seen in travelers and immigrants from there 
C) seen all over the world and has caused large outbreaks in the United States 
D) none of the above

Question 8

Giardia lamblia

Accepted Answer

A) can be missed during microscopic examination of the stool because it is excreted only intermittently 
B) can be missed in sputum samples because it has a firm attachment to lung cells using glucans 
C) has improved diagnosis if cultured prior to PCR 
D) is detected by latex agglutination inhibition reactions 
A) can be missed during microscopic examination of the stool because it is excreted only intermittently 
B) can be missed in sputum samples because it has a firm attachment to lung cells using glucans 
C) has improved diagnosis if cultured prior to PCR 
D) is detected by latex agglutination inhibition reactions

Question 9

Immunodiffusion uses which of the following in testing for

Accepted Answer

A) Coccidioides immitis, which uses the reaction of patient sera versus the IDTP and the IDCF antigens 
B) Blastomyces dermatitidis uses the reaction of patient sera versus the IDTP and the IDCF antigens 
C) Blastomyces dermatitidis uses the reaction of patient sera versus galactomannan and b-glucan 
D) none of the above 
A) Coccidioides immitis, which uses the reaction of patient sera versus the IDTP and the IDCF antigens 
B) Blastomyces dermatitidis uses the reaction of patient sera versus the IDTP and the IDCF antigens 
C) Blastomyces dermatitidis uses the reaction of patient sera versus galactomannan and b-glucan 
D) none of the above

Question 10

A 40-year-old man has pneumonia and on a chest x-ray showed calcifications that might indicate a neoplasm. He had lived in the Ohio River valley and had worked in a church bell tower cleaning out the pigeon droppings. Do you have any idea about which of the following infections is caused by bird droppings and cause calcifications?

Accepted Answer

A) Aspergillus fumingatus 
B) Cryptococcus neoformans 
C) Histoplasma capsulatum 
D) Coccidioides immitis 
A) Aspergillus fumingatus 
B) Cryptococcus neoformans 
C) Histoplasma capsulatum 
D) Coccidioides immitis

Question 11

How is blastomycosis transmitted?

Accepted Answer

A) from person to person 
B) by inhaling spores from disturbed organic matter in wooded areas 
C) by mold commonly seen in showers 
D) by mold commonly seen on cheese 
A) from person to person 
B) by inhaling spores from disturbed organic matter in wooded areas 
C) by mold commonly seen in showers 
D) by mold commonly seen on cheese

Question 12

Low avidity IgG antibody

Accepted Answer

A) indicates that an infection that occurred in the distant past 
B) never occurs because low avidity antibody is IgM 
C) is replaced rapidly by high affinity antibody and so is never seen in diagnostics tests 
D) indicates a recent infection 
A) indicates that an infection that occurred in the distant past 
B) never occurs because low avidity antibody is IgM 
C) is replaced rapidly by high affinity antibody and so is never seen in diagnostics tests 
D) indicates a recent infection

Question 13

Valley fever is a flulike infection caused by

Accepted Answer

A) Aspergillus fumingatus 
B) Cryptococcus neoformans 
C) Aspergillus flavus 
D) Coccidioides immitis 
A) Aspergillus fumingatus 
B) Cryptococcus neoformans 
C) Aspergillus flavus 
D) Coccidioides immitis

Question 14

Histoplasma capsulatum

Accepted Answer

A) can cause disseminated disease in immunocompromised people 
B) usually causes a subclinical infection or mild flulike disease 
C) is associated with bird droppings 
D) all of the above 
A) can cause disseminated disease in immunocompromised people 
B) usually causes a subclinical infection or mild flulike disease 
C) is associated with bird droppings 
D) all of the above

Question 15

Cryptococcus neoformans

Accepted Answer

A) is seen only in immunocompromised people 
B) is often spread by bird droppings 
C) can be seen in 10% of people who are HIV infected 
D) B and C 
A) is seen only in immunocompromised people 
B) is often spread by bird droppings 
C) can be seen in 10% of people who are HIV infected 
D) B and C

Question 16

A mass of hyphae are called

Accepted Answer

A) conidia 
B) chlamydospores 
C) mycelium 
D) mold 
A) conidia 
B) chlamydospores 
C) mycelium 
D) mold

Question 17

Which of the following fungi are most likely to be pathogenic?

Accepted Answer

A) monomorphic and are in mold form 
B) monomorphic and are in yeast form 
C) thermally dimorphic 
D) none of the above 
A) monomorphic and are in mold form 
B) monomorphic and are in yeast form 
C) thermally dimorphic 
D) none of the above

Question 18

Cryptosporidium parvum

Accepted Answer

A) is rarely seen in the United States 
B) causes pneumonia and is spread by mold from eucalyptus leaves 
C) causes watery diarrhea 
D) lives in the bloodstream and causes anemia 
A) is rarely seen in the United States 
B) causes pneumonia and is spread by mold from eucalyptus leaves 
C) causes watery diarrhea 
D) lives in the bloodstream and causes anemia

Question 19

Tests for Cryptosporidium parvum are performed using

Accepted Answer

A) immunodiffusion 
B) microscopy and direct immunofluorescence 
C) microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence for antibody 
D) A and C 
A) immunodiffusion 
B) microscopy and direct immunofluorescence 
C) microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence for antibody 
D) A and C

Question 20

A physician in your hospital just sent a sputum sample and a serum sample from a patient who had been in Southern California at a meeting. The patient said that the venue was hot, dry, and dusty. The patient has a fever of 104ºF, a dry cough, muscle aches, and a headache.
What should you do with the samples?

Accepted Answer

A) perform antibody testing with Ouchterlony against the IDTP antigens 
B) culture only if biosafety conditions are used 
C) culture under normal conditions 
D) A and B 
E) A and C 
A) perform antibody testing with Ouchterlony against the IDTP antigens 
B) culture only if biosafety conditions are used 
C) culture under normal conditions 
D) A and B 
E) A and C

Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci is made by using

A pregnant woman in France is less likely to have toxoplasmosis during her pregnancy than a pregnant woman in the United States because

Fungi are

Worldwide fungal infections are increasing because

Toxoplasmosis

The parasitic infection Cryptosporidium parvum is

Giardia lamblia

Immunodiffusion uses which of the following in testing for

How is blastomycosis transmitted?

Low avidity IgG antibody

Valley fever is a flulike infection caused by

Histoplasma capsulatum

Cryptococcus neoformans

A mass of hyphae are called

Which of the following fungi are most likely to be pathogenic?

Cryptosporidium parvum

Tests for Cryptosporidium parvum are performed using

Introduction to Immunology

Antibody

Antigens-Epitopes and Immunogenicity

Cellular Immunity

Complement Pathways

Agglutination and Precipitation Reactions: the Unlabeled Immunoassays

Labeled Immunoassays

Serology Laboratory Math

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Autoimmunitysystemic

Autoimmunityorgan or Tissue Specific

Tumor Immunology

Hematopoeitc Malignancies

Immunology of Transplantation

Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases

Acquired Immunodeficiency Including Hiv and Aids

Hepatitis

Serology and Viruses Herpesviridae Family and Other Serologically

Bacterial Serology

Forensic Serology

Safety

Molecular Biology

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Exam 20: Fungal Serology Parasitic Serology

Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci is made by using

A pregnant woman in France is less likely to have toxoplasmosis during her pregnancy than a pregnant woman in the United States because

Fungi are

Worldwide fungal infections are increasing because

Toxoplasmosis

The parasitic infection Cryptosporidium parvum is

Giardia lamblia

Immunodiffusion uses which of the following in testing for

How is blastomycosis transmitted?

Low avidity IgG antibody

Valley fever is a flulike infection caused by

Histoplasma capsulatum

Cryptococcus neoformans

A mass of hyphae are called

Which of the following fungi are most likely to be pathogenic?

Cryptosporidium parvum

Tests for Cryptosporidium parvum are performed using

Introduction to Immunology

Antibody

Antigens-Epitopes and Immunogenicity

Cellular Immunity

Complement Pathways

Agglutination and Precipitation Reactions: the Unlabeled Immunoassays

Labeled Immunoassays

Serology Laboratory Math

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Autoimmunitysystemic

Autoimmunityorgan or Tissue Specific

Tumor Immunology

Hematopoeitc Malignancies

Immunology of Transplantation

Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases

Acquired Immunodeficiency Including Hiv and Aids

Hepatitis

Serology and Viruses Herpesviridae Family and Other Serologically

Bacterial Serology

Forensic Serology

Safety

Molecular Biology

Filters