Question 1

HIV gp 120 binds to CD4 on

Accepted Answer

A) T cells 
B) macrophages 
C) dendritic cells 
D) A and C 
E) all of the above 
A) T cells 
B) macrophages 
C) dendritic cells 
D) A and C 
E) all of the above E

Question 2

Antiviral therapy success or failure for a patient with HIV is monitored using

Accepted Answer

A) antibody levels 
B) quantitative testing of GP120 
C) quantitative testing of CD4+ cell number 
D) quantitative testing of viral nucleic acid 
A) antibody levels 
B) quantitative testing of GP120 
C) quantitative testing of CD4+ cell number 
D) quantitative testing of viral nucleic acid D

Question 3

During infection, in what situations does the HIV patient have a very high viral load in the plasma?

Accepted Answer

A) just before the first opportunistic infection and at death 
B) during acute infection and at death 
C) during clinical latency and when first opportunistic infection occurs 
D) during acute infection and at the beginning of the latent period 
A) just before the first opportunistic infection and at death 
B) during acute infection and at death 
C) during clinical latency and when first opportunistic infection occurs 
D) during acute infection and at the beginning of the latent period B

Question 4

Using antiviral therapy after a needle stick

Accepted Answer

A) does not affect transmission rate 
B) reduces transmission rate by 10% 
C) reduces transmission rate by 50% 
D) reduces transmission rate by 80% 
A) does not affect transmission rate 
B) reduces transmission rate by 10% 
C) reduces transmission rate by 50% 
D) reduces transmission rate by 80%

Question 5

To test for HIV viral components during 2011,

Accepted Answer

A) direct antigen assays for p24 should have been performed 
B) real-time RT-PCR could have been performed 
C) capture antigen assays for gp120 have been performed 
D) competitive antigen assays for p24 could have been performed 
A) direct antigen assays for p24 should have been performed 
B) real-time RT-PCR could have been performed 
C) capture antigen assays for gp120 have been performed 
D) competitive antigen assays for p24 could have been performed

Question 6

In terms of HIV, a provirus is the

Accepted Answer

A) virus before it enters the host cell 
B) virus after it has entered the host cell 
C) integrated viral RNA 
D) integrated viral DNA 
A) virus before it enters the host cell 
B) virus after it has entered the host cell 
C) integrated viral RNA 
D) integrated viral DNA

Question 7

The number of new cases of HIV

Accepted Answer

A) is stable in the United States 
B) has increased in the United States 
C) would decrease if more people who have HIV knew that they did so they can stop spreading it 
D) A and C 
E) B and C 
A) is stable in the United States 
B) has increased in the United States 
C) would decrease if more people who have HIV knew that they did so they can stop spreading it 
D) A and C 
E) B and C

Question 8

Highly active antiretroviral therapy includes at least

Accepted Answer

A) four drugs from three different categories 
B) three drugs from two different categories 
C) four drugs from two different categories 
D) three drugs from three different categories 
A) four drugs from three different categories 
B) three drugs from two different categories 
C) four drugs from two different categories 
D) three drugs from three different categories

Question 9

The clinical classification of AIDs is based on

Accepted Answer

A) CD4+ T-cell counts 
B) opportunistic infections 
C) malignancies 
D) all of the above 
E) A and B 
A) CD4+ T-cell counts 
B) opportunistic infections 
C) malignancies 
D) all of the above 
E) A and B

Question 10

In HIV infection,

Accepted Answer

A) the viral RNA forms a plasmid that stays silent in the host cell until reactivated 
B) the viral positive strand RNA is reverse transcribed to negative strand RNA and is integrated into the host genome 
C) the single-stranded RNA from the virus is reverse transcribed to DNA and is integrated into the host genome 
D) dsRNA from the virus is transcribed to DNA and is integrated into the host genome 
E) the double-stranded RNA from the virus is transcribed to DNA and forms a plasmid until the cell is reactivated 
A) the viral RNA forms a plasmid that stays silent in the host cell until reactivated 
B) the viral positive strand RNA is reverse transcribed to negative strand RNA and is integrated into the host genome 
C) the single-stranded RNA from the virus is reverse transcribed to DNA and is integrated into the host genome 
D) dsRNA from the virus is transcribed to DNA and is integrated into the host genome 
E) the double-stranded RNA from the virus is transcribed to DNA and forms a plasmid until the cell is reactivated

Question 11

Which of the following is the way that HIV infects the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) The GP120 on the HIV virion binds CD4 and the TCR of the T cell. 
B) The GP 41 on the HIV virion binds the CD4 molecule and CCR5 on the T cell. 
C) The GP120 on the virion binds the CD4 and the CCR5 on the T cell. 
D) none of the above 
A) The GP120 on the HIV virion binds CD4 and the TCR of the T cell. 
B) The GP 41 on the HIV virion binds the CD4 molecule and CCR5 on the T cell. 
C) The GP120 on the virion binds the CD4 and the CCR5 on the T cell. 
D) none of the above

Question 12

The CDC suggests the following to reduce the number of HIV cases

Accepted Answer

A) All people who go to the doctor's office should be asked whether they would like an HIV test-an opt-in policy. 
B) All people who go to the doctor's office should be asked whether they would like an HIV test-an opt-out policy. 
C) All people who go to the doctor's office should be told they will be given an HIV test unless they object-an opt-in policy 
D) All people who go to the doctor's office should be told they will be given an HIV test-an opt-out policy 
A) All people who go to the doctor's office should be asked whether they would like an HIV test-an opt-in policy. 
B) All people who go to the doctor's office should be asked whether they would like an HIV test-an opt-out policy. 
C) All people who go to the doctor's office should be told they will be given an HIV test unless they object-an opt-in policy 
D) All people who go to the doctor's office should be told they will be given an HIV test-an opt-out policy

Question 13

A positive ELISA result was obtained for a patient in Buffalo, New York. According to the CDC,

Accepted Answer

A) This is probably a false positive result because there are no HIV cases in Buffalo. 
B) This should be repeated twice by ELISA, and if positive, the fact that the patient is HIV antibody positive should be reported to the physician. 
C) This should be repeated twice by ELISA, and if positive, a western blot should be performed; and if positive the fact that the patient is HIV antibody positive should be reported to the physician. 
D) A western blot should be performed immediately; if it is positive, the fact that the patient is HIV antibody positive should be reported to the physician. 
A) This is probably a false positive result because there are no HIV cases in Buffalo. 
B) This should be repeated twice by ELISA, and if positive, the fact that the patient is HIV antibody positive should be reported to the physician. 
C) This should be repeated twice by ELISA, and if positive, a western blot should be performed; and if positive the fact that the patient is HIV antibody positive should be reported to the physician. 
D) A western blot should be performed immediately; if it is positive, the fact that the patient is HIV antibody positive should be reported to the physician.

Question 14

The mutation rate of HIV is due to

Accepted Answer

A) the Tat gene 
B) GP 160 
C) the reverse transcriptase 
D) the integrase 
E) C and D 
A) the Tat gene 
B) GP 160 
C) the reverse transcriptase 
D) the integrase 
E) C and D

Question 15

An improvement of the early screening tests for HIV includes the use of

Accepted Answer

A) electrophoretically separated antigens 
B) recombinant or highly purified antigens 
C) anti-IgM 
D) a 4-fold rise in titers 
A) electrophoretically separated antigens 
B) recombinant or highly purified antigens 
C) anti-IgM 
D) a 4-fold rise in titers

Question 16

A western blot for HIV that has two lines on it

Accepted Answer

A) is positive 
B) is positive only if the lines correspond to the correct molecular weight proteins 
C) is positive only if the lines correspond to the correct molecular weight polysaccharides 
D) none of the above 
A) is positive 
B) is positive only if the lines correspond to the correct molecular weight proteins 
C) is positive only if the lines correspond to the correct molecular weight polysaccharides 
D) none of the above

Question 17

The western blot for HIV uses

Accepted Answer

A) recombinant HIV antigens and synthetic peptides placed on nitrocellulose 
B) HIV antigens that have been electrophoresed into an agarose gel and then transferred to nitrocellulose for the reaction to occur 
C) HIV antigens that has been electrophoresed into a polyacrylamide gel and then transferred to nitrocellulose for the reaction to occur 
D) none of the above 
A) recombinant HIV antigens and synthetic peptides placed on nitrocellulose 
B) HIV antigens that have been electrophoresed into an agarose gel and then transferred to nitrocellulose for the reaction to occur 
C) HIV antigens that has been electrophoresed into a polyacrylamide gel and then transferred to nitrocellulose for the reaction to occur 
D) none of the above

Question 18

A person who is seronegative for HIV

Accepted Answer

A) might not have seroconverted yet 
B) has HIV 
C) is currently testing negative for HIV 
D) A and C 
A) might not have seroconverted yet 
B) has HIV 
C) is currently testing negative for HIV 
D) A and C

Question 19

Acute HIV syndrome occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) the first opportunistic infections occur 
B) the CD4+ cells decrease to less than 200 
C) the first virus has infected the first cell in the person 
D) flulike symptoms occur during early HIV infection 
A) the first opportunistic infections occur 
B) the CD4+ cells decrease to less than 200 
C) the first virus has infected the first cell in the person 
D) flulike symptoms occur during early HIV infection

Question 20

Neutralizing antibodies

Accepted Answer

A) do not exist for HIV 
B) target the reverse transcriptase 
C) target envelop proteins involved in viral entry 
D) target the provirus 
A) do not exist for HIV 
B) target the reverse transcriptase 
C) target envelop proteins involved in viral entry 
D) target the provirus

Exam 16: Acquired Immunodeficiency Including Hiv and Aids

HIV gp 120 binds to CD4 on

Antiviral therapy success or failure for a patient with HIV is monitored using

During infection, in what situations does the HIV patient have a very high viral load in the plasma?

Using antiviral therapy after a needle stick

To test for HIV viral components during 2011,

In terms of HIV, a provirus is the

The number of new cases of HIV

Highly active antiretroviral therapy includes at least

The clinical classification of AIDs is based on

In HIV infection,

Which of the following is the way that HIV infects the cell?

The CDC suggests the following to reduce the number of HIV cases

A positive ELISA result was obtained for a patient in Buffalo, New York. According to the CDC,

The mutation rate of HIV is due to

An improvement of the early screening tests for HIV includes the use of

A western blot for HIV that has two lines on it

The western blot for HIV uses

A person who is seronegative for HIV

Acute HIV syndrome occurs when

Neutralizing antibodies

Introduction to Immunology

Antibody

Antigens-Epitopes and Immunogenicity

Cellular Immunity

Complement Pathways

Agglutination and Precipitation Reactions: the Unlabeled Immunoassays

Labeled Immunoassays

Serology Laboratory Math

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Autoimmunitysystemic

Autoimmunityorgan or Tissue Specific

Tumor Immunology

Hematopoeitc Malignancies

Immunology of Transplantation

Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases

Hepatitis

Serology and Viruses Herpesviridae Family and Other Serologically

Bacterial Serology

Fungal Serology Parasitic Serology

Forensic Serology

Safety

Molecular Biology

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